Scientists
Enzymes
Structure/Replication
Telomeres/Repair
Potpourri
100
Which scientist performed X-ray diffraction studies to identify the 3-D structure and discovered that DNA is helical?
Rosalind Franklin
100
Which enzyme works to alleviate winding tension during DNA replication down stream?
Topoisomerase or DNA Gyrase
100
DNA replication uses each ______ strand of DNA as a _______ for the synthesis of a new strand.
Parent, template
100
Telomeres are a ______ repeat of TTAGGG (in vertebrates).
tandum
100
If one strand of DNA is AAGGTCG, the compliment strand would be
TTCCAGC
200
Studied Streptococcus pneumoniae, a pathogenic bacterium causing pneumonia. Helped determine that DNA is the genetic material.
Frederick Griffith
200
Which enzyme lays down RNA for the enzyme that catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to a growing polynucleotide chain?
Primase
200
A ______ will gradually shorten with each round of cell division. This is why we age.
Telomere
200
A DNA molecule (double helix) is composed of 30% adenine nucleotides. What is the percentage of guanine?
20%
300
Grew T4 phages in S35 and P32 to find that DNA is indeed the genetic material.
Hershey & Chase
300
Which enzyme in DNA replication replaces RNA primers with DNA?
DNA polymerase I
300
In a double stranded DNA molecule, how many hydrogen bonds link thymine and adenine?
2
300
What are the two types of DNA repair?
Specific and non-specific
300
An RNA nucleotide as a _____ function group on the _____ prime carbon in the ribose sugar.
-OH, 2'
400
Won two nobel prizes and could have won a third if this scientist was able to travel to England to decipher the 3D structure of DNA. He was born in Lake Oswego.
Linus Pauling
400
This enzyme synthesizes DNA and is involved in DNA repair processes.
DNA polymerase II
400
The lagging strand in DNA replicates DNA in the _________ direction from the replication fork.
Opposite
400
________ repair is where an enzyme removes the damaged region and replaced it by DNA synthesis.
Excision repair
400
Be able to label the three parts of a nucleotide. For the purposes of this review, name the 3 parts of a nucleotide.
ribose or deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
500
Determined that the amount of adenine = amount of thymine and the amount of cytosine = amount of guanine
Erwin Chargaff
500
________ absorbs light in visible range and uses this energy to cleave thymine dimer.
Photolyase
500
Why does a DNA strand grow only in the 5' to 3' direction?
because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing molecule
500
Telomerases were a big hit in the 90's as a beauty treatment which was considered, and is, a fountain of youth but they found it caused cancer. Why?
Cancers cells are relatively weak because they have divided so many times. This is why chemo and radiation therapy are effective. Telomerases lengthen the telomeres.
500
These stabilize single stranded DNA during replication.
Single stranded binding proteins
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