Matter
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
a. Neutral
b. Positively charged
c. Negatively charged
a. Neutral
What type of bond is formed between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms within a water molecule?
Covalent
What are the four categories of macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids and Proteins
Which category of fat has the highest hydrogen atom concentration and why?
Saturated fat. All single bonds result in the most available bonds for H
The Atomic Number refers to an element's what?
Number of protons
The unequal sharing of electrons in a molecule is referred to as ____________.
Polarity
Sodium chloride (NaCl) is formed when sodium donates one of its electrons to chloride. What type of bond is this?
Ionic Bond
What are the chemical and structural differences between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fats: all single bonds, solid at room temp
Unsaturated fats: @ least 1 double bond (kink), liquid at room temp
The combustion of methane gas is shown below:
CH4 + O2 --> CO2 + 2H2O
The energy of the reactants is 520kJ. The energy of the products is 140kJ.
What type of reaction is the combustion of methane?
Exothermic
Atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons are referred to as _________.
Isotopes
Abigail accidentally spilt her water glass while she was doing crafts. While cleaning up, she noticed that the water that split on her wax paper formed droplets that sat atop the paper. What property of water is this demonstrating?
Cohesion (surface tension more specifically)
Amino acids are linked together via ______ bonds. The linking of amino acids forms what is referred to as a _________.
peptide
polypeptide
What are the 3 components of a nucleotide?
5-carbon sugar
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base
Hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of (acetic acid + sodium acetate). The resulting mixture has a pH of 9. What then is true of the solution of (acetic acid + sodium acetate)
It is a buffer!
Bromine has an atomic number of 35, and an atomic mass of 80g/mol. How many neutrons does it have?
45
atomic number: # of protons
atomic mass: protons + neutrons
How are hydrogen bonds formed between water molecules? (Be specific)
Starch is a polysaccharide of glucose which is important for energy storage in plants. What type of bond links together its monosaccharides?
Unique side chain, specific to each amino acid, that results in different properties of the amino acid (polarity, acitdity, etc.)
Draw the structure of an amino acid
R
NH2---C-----COOHCopper Sulphate is a chemical compound composed of 1 Copper atom, 1 Sulfur atom, and 4 Oxygen atoms. What is its chemical formula?
CuSO4
Jacob lives in Fresno. The average temperature in Fresno in July is 99 degrees. As a result, he frequently spends his weekends in Ventura as the temperature is cooler. Explain why Ventura is cooler (temperature-wise) than Fresno using one of the emergent properties of water in your explanation.
Heat Capacity!
The ocean absorbs the heat, keeping ambient temperatures cool.
Potassium Bromide (KBr) is an ionic compound. KBr dissolves in water into its components parts, potassium (K) and bromine (Br). The reaction results in potassium losing an electron, and bromine gaining an electron. What are the resulting charges of each of the ions?
K+ and Br-
Name the monomers for each of the four macromolecules.
Carbohydrate: monosaccharides
Lipid: glycerol + fatty acids
Nucleic Acid: nucleotides
Protein: amino acids
Amylase in an enzyme found in human saliva that catalyzes the conversion of starch to glycogen. Amylase is composed of 496 amino acids. If the amino acid at position 142 was removed, which level(s) of protein structure would be impacted?
All levels (Primary through Quarternary)