waves
what is a wave?
a disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another without transporting matter
Convert 400 nm to meters.
4.00*10^-7
What does n represent?
The electron's principal energy level
How many orbitals are in d?
d=5
how many total electrons are represented?
1s²2s²2p³
7
In a transverse wave, particles move ________ to the direction the wave travels.
perpendicular
ν = 4.00 × 10¹⁴ s⁻¹. Find λ.
7.50*10^-7 m
Does an electron gain or lose energy moving from n = 1 → n = 3?
gain
what is the maximum number of electrons in p?
p=6
(s=2, d=10)
whats the full electron configuration for
C
1s1 2s2 2p2
Arrange from shortest → longest wavelength: infrared, visible, X-ray.
X-ray → visible → infrared
Blue light has λ = 450 nm. Find its frequency.
450 nm= 4.50*10^-7
v= 3.00*10^8/4.50*10^-7
=
6.67*10^14 Hz
absorption or emission
n = 1 → n = 3
absorption
identify the sub shell
n = 3, ℓ = 1
3p
ℓ = 0 → s
ℓ = 1 → p
ℓ = 2 → d
ℓ = 3 → f
whats the full configuration for
Mg
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
Two waves combine and create a larger wave. What type of interference occurred?
constructive inference
Two waves have wavelengths of 300 nm and 600 nm. Which has twice the frequency?
300 nm
It has half the wavelength, so it has twice the frequency
Why is a photon emitted when an electron moves from high → low energy?
the electron loses energy, and that energy is released as a photon
For ℓ = 2, how many orbitals are possible?
5 orbitals
s=1 orbital
p= 3 orbitals
f= 7 orbitals
whats the configuration of
Cl
Explain the relationship among wavelength, frequency, and energy
wavelength goes up, frequency goes down, energy goes down
wavelength goes down, frequency goes up, energy goes up
A student says, “If wavelength doubles, frequency doubles.” Explain the error mathematically.
The statement is incorrect because wavelength and frequency are inversely related.
If wavelength doubles:
λ → 2λ
Then frequency becomes:
ν → ½ν
An electron emits light. What must have happened to the electron?
It moved from a higher energy level to a lower one.
If ℓ = 2, list all possible mℓ values.
−2, −1, 0, +1, +2
[↑↓] [↑↓] [ ]
What rule is being violated?
Hund's Rule is violated.
Correct arrangement for four 2p electrons would be:
[↑↓] [↑] [↑]
Hund's rule says electrons occupy degenerate orbitals singly first before pairing.