Chapter 2 Chem Test Review

Chem Historical Figures

100

Who discovered that uranium spontaneously emits high-energy radiation?

Henri Becquerel

200

Who discovered polonium and radium and was a student of Henri Becquerel?

Marie Curie

300

In the Gold Foil experiment, radiation was passed between charges plates, this scientist identified alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. This scientist also discovered protons. Who is this scientist?

Ernest Rutherford

400

Whose theory stated that:

• All matter is made of indivisible atoms.

• Atoms of the same element are identical in mass and properties.

• Compounds are formed by combinations of atoms in fixed ratios.

• Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms, not their creation or destruction.

• ____'s theory explained key chemical laws:

  • Law of Constant Composition: A given compound always contains the same kinds and numbers of atoms.

  • Law of Multiple Proportions: When two elements form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other are in small whole-number ratios.

John Dalton

500

Who discovered electrons?

Who discovered neutrons?

J.J. Thompson

James Chadwick

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

100

What is the charge on the following particles:

Protons____

Neutrons___

Electrons___

Protons have a charge of +1

Neutrons have no charge

Electrons have a charge of -1

200

An atom of ¹⁰¹Hg has _________ protons,
_______ neutrons and ___________
electrons

80 protons, 21 neutrons, and 80 electrons

300

Which atom has the largest number of neutrons?
A) Mercury-93
B) Helium-12
C) Aluminum-19
D) Polonium-97
E) Iodine-77

Mercury has 80 protons, 13 neutrons, and 80 electrons

Helium has 2 protons, and 10 neutrons, and 2 electrons

Aluminum has 13 protons, 6 neutrons, and 13 electrons

Polonium has 84 protons, 13 neutrons, and 84 electrons

Iodine has 53 protons, 24 neutrons, 53 electrons (correct answer)

400

Which atom has the greatest number of neutrons?  

A) Boron-11 

B) Carbon-12 

C) Nitrogen-15 

D) Oxygen-16 

E) Fluorine-19

Boron has 5 protons, 6 neutrons, and 5 electrons

Carbon has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons

Nitrogen has 7 protons, 8 neutrons, and 7 electrons

Oxygen has 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons

Fluorine has 9 protons, 10 neutrons, and 9 electrons (correct answer)

500

What is the difference between mass number and atomic number?

Mass number = number of protons plus neutrons

Atomic number = number of protons or electrons

Periodic Table

100

What elements are part of the Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Chalcogens, Halogens, and the Noble Gases?

Alkali Metals: 

• Lithium (Li)

• Sodium (Na)

• Potassium (K)

• Rubidium (Rb)

• Cesium (Cs)

• Francium (Fr)

Alkali Earth Metals:

• Beryllium (Be)

• Magnesium (Mg)

• Calcium (Ca)

• Strontium (Sr)

• Barium (Ba)

• Radium (Ra)

Chalcogens:

• Oxygen (O)

• Sulfur (S)

• Selenium (Se)

• Tellurium (Te)

• Polonium (Po)

Halogens:

• Fluorine (F)

• Chlorine (Cl)

• Bromine (Br)

• Iodine (I)

• Astatine (At)

Noble Gases:

• Helium (He)

• Neon (Ne)

• Argon (Ar)

• Krypton (Kr)

• Xenon (Xe)

• Radon (Rn)

200

What 2 elements at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure = 0 degrees Celsius or 273.15K and 1 atm or 101.3 kPa) are liquids?

Mercury and Bromine

300

What are the 7 diatomic elements?

Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, and Iodine

400

What 11 elements at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure = 0 degrees Celsius or 273.15K and 1 atm or 101.3 kPa) are gases?

Hydrogen, Helium, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, and Radon

500

Where are the metals, non-metals, and metalloids on the periodic table?

The metalloids are Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium, and Polonium. Everything on the right of the staircase is a non-metal as well as hydrogen and everything on the left of the staircase is a metal

Isotopes

100

Two atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are called?

a. mutants.
b. isomers.
c. isotopes.
d. symbiots.

C) Isotope

a. mutant is an organism that has undergone a mutation (a change in its DNA sequence)

b. molecule with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements

d. a close long-term interaction between two different organisms often beneficial to both

200

Element Q has three naturally occurring isotopes. Their masses and percent abundances are listed below:

Isotope        Mass (amu)          Abundance (%)

Q-218           218.0                    45.0%

Q-220          220.0                    25.0%

Q-222          222.0                    30.0%

219.7

300

An unknown element is found to have three naturally occurring isotopes with atomic masses of:

35.9675(0.337%)

37.9627(0.063%)

39.9624(99.600%)

Which of the following is the unknown element?
A) Cl
B) K
C) Ar
D) Ca
E) None of the above could be the unknown element.

C) Ar-Argon

400

Calculate the atomic mass of silicon. The three silicon isotopes have atomic masses and relative abundances of 27.9769 amu (92.2297%), 28.9765 amu (4.6832%) and 29.9738 amu (3.0872%)

28.0853895409

500

Gallium has two naturally occurring isotopes. The mass of gallium-69 is 68.9256 amu and it is 60.108% abundant. The mass of gallium-71 is 70.9247 amu and it is 39.892% abundant. Calculate the atomic mass of gallium.

69.723080972 amu 

Nomenclature

100

What is the chemical formula for Potassium Bromide?

KBr

200

What is the name of this compound NaCl? 

Sodium Chloride (Table Salt)

300

What is the chemical formula for Phosphourous Trichloride?

PCl₃

400

What is the name of Fe₃(PO₄)₂?

Iron (ll) Phosphate

500

What is the chemical formula for Sodium Sulfate (Sulfate is a polyatomic ion)?

Na₂SO₄