Educational Theory
Genetically inherited traits and influences
Nature
The ability to judge what is right and wrong and act accordingly
Moral Compass
Favoring one gender over another
Gender Bias
A student did not have supper last night and missed the bus this morning so they were late to school.
Explain why a student's basic needs can affect his/her ability to learn in the classroom
Explain the purposes of Least Restrictive Environment and inclusion
LRE means students with disabilities should be educated alongside students without disabilities to the maximum extent appropriate. Inclusion means students with disabilities participate in academic, extracurricular, and other activities alongside nondisabled peers.
A hierarchy showing the basic survival needs must be met before students can learn
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
The influences of environment, including family, friends and school.
Nurture
A system of values, cognitive codes, behavioral standards, world views, and beliefs that five meaning and order to people's lives.
Culture
Identify 2 of the 4 stages of cognitive development and who created them
Piaget
Sensorimotor: birth–2; learning primarily through motor capabilities
Preoperational: 2–7; symbolic thinking develops, but perspective is limited
Concrete Operations: 7–11; logical thinking and conservation develop
Formal Operational: 11+; abstract thinking, predictions, and metacognition develop
Describe 2 things a teacher could do to promote communication, interaction and respect among students
The teacher should provide multiple ways for students to access and interact with content. The teacher could incorporate movement/manipulatives for the kinesthetic or tactile learner and charts, illustrations, and organized notes for the visual learner. This aligns with UDL's emphasis on providing varied learning experiences.
Contains Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational and Formal Operational
Piaget's Stages of Development
An approach to education that celebrates diversity and promotes equitable educational opportunities
Multicultural Education
a plan developed to help learners' with special needs
Individualized Education Plan/Program
Explain the Zone of Proximal Development and describe how a teacher may use scaffolding to help a student
The Zone of Proximal Development is the level where a child can almost, but not completely, grasp a concept or perform a task. Scaffolding involves temporary support that helps the student successfully complete the task and progress in learning
How could the teacher use UDL and knowledge of learning modalities to support students of varying needs?
The teacher should provide multiple ways for students to access and interact with content. The teacher could incorporate movement/manipulatives for the kinesthetic or tactile learner and charts, illustrations, and organized notes for the visual learner. This aligns with UDL's emphasis on providing varied learning experiences.
the level where a child can almost, but not completely, grasp a concept or perform a task. Scaffolding involves temporary support that helps the student successfully complete the task and progress in learning
Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development
Young children playing beside one another while sharing the same space but not communicating.
Parallel Play
The development of the brain and the ability to think, understand, learn, reason and process information
Cognitive Development
Describe 2 questions a culturally responsive teacher should ask when planning instruction for a diverse classroom.
Do I know the culture of each student beyond race and ethnicity?
How can I help students see similarities as clearly as differences?
How can I validate cultures represented in my classroom?
How can I promote communication among all students?
How can I assure equal opportunities for learning?
Explain how understanding student development can help a teacher create a more effective classroom.
Physical development
Cognitive development
Piaget's stages
Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development
Scaffolding
Emotional intelligence
Social cognition
Nature and nurture
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Learning modalities
Multiple intelligences
human intelligence is not a single general ability, but rather a collection of distinct modalities
Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences
the recognition that the US contains people of many different races and ethnicities who can contribute to society
Cultural Pluralism
an approach that helps all students learn by expanding how information is presented and learned including visual, auditory, tactile and kinesthetic experiences
Universal Design for Learning (UDL)
Describe at least 2 strategies a teacher can use to support English Language Learners in the classroom.
Provide curricular and instructional opportunities
Allow communication with other ELL students or students proficient in the native language
Use books that make concepts more transparent
Use written materials in the student's native language when available
Teach students about their new school/community/state/country
Encourage collaboration with people from different backgrounds
Encourage students to advocate for themselves and their families
Explain how a teacher can create a classroom that is academically, emotionally, and socially supportive of all students.
Multicultural education
Cultural pluralism
Cultural identity
Culturally responsive teaching
ELL strategies
UDL
Learning modalities
Inclusion
LRE
IEPs
Assistive technology
Co-teaching
Accommodations
Family participation