Foundation
The specific location of a gene on a chromosome
What is "locus"
This term refers to the allele combination an individual carries for a gene.
What is "genotype"
ie. homozygous dominant, heterozygous, homozygous recessive
If two 2 dominant alleles are present, which trait is expressed?
What is "the dominant trait"
ie. in FF there is no recessive traits so the dominant trait would present itself, like having freckles
Body cells contain this many alleles for a gene
What is "2"
Punnett squares help us predict these two things
What is "possible offspring genotype and phenotype"
A DNA segment containing instructions for a trait or protein
What is "gene"
The observable characteristic produced from the genotype.
What is "phenotype"
ie. Widow's peak, freckles, eye color
If two 2 recessive alleles are present, which trait would be expressed?
What is "the recessive trait(or the absence of a trait)"
ie. In ff, the only allele expressed is the recessive f, which is often just the absence of the dominant trait, like having no freckles
Each egg or sperm receives how many alleles for a gene?
What is "one"
Punnett squares are known as this kind of tool
What is "a probability tool"
Different versions of the same gene
What is "allele"
Two identical alleles
What is "homozygous"
can be dominant(FF) or recessive(ff)
If two different alleles are present which trait is expressed?
What is "the dominant trait"
ie. in Ff, the dominant F would be expressed while the f is masked, so the offspring would still have freckles despite carrying both the dominant and recessive allele
Homologous chromosomes separate into these structures
This is the phenotype ratio of a monohybrid cross
What is "3:1"
ei. 3 possible genotypes would cause the trait to be expressed, and 1 (the homozygous recessive) would not
Carry the same genes at the same locations
What is "homologous chromosomes"
Two different alleles
What is "heterozygous"
ie. Ff
In both of these, the dominant allele is expressed
What is "dominant homozygous and heterozygous"
This is responsible for restoring the pair of alleles in the offspring
What is "fertilization"
In this type of cross each parent can produce two types of gametes
What is "a monohybrid cross"
This distinction is essential to Mendelian inheritance
What is "A chromosome pair provides the physical location of the genes, and the alleles represent the possible versions of those genes"
Can different genotypes produce the same phenotype?
What is "yes/true"
ie. FF and Ff are different genotypes that would both produce the phenotype of freckles because the recessive allele would be masked, while the dominant allele would be expressed
Accounts for traits skipping a generation
What is "heterozygous"
This stage of meiosis is when alleles seperate
What is "Anaphase 2"
This is the genotype of both parents in a monohybrid cross
What is "heterozygous"