Section 1
Identify 3 peace efforts made of the late 1800s and early 1900s.
The Nobel Peace Prize, the Olympic games, and the first Universal Peace Conference in Netherlands
Who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, and why was he assassinated?
He was the heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne, he was seen as a foreign oppressor towards the Serbians
What is a zeppelin and who used them?
What is a large gas filled balloons used by the Germans to bomb the English
What is a total war?
When a nation channels all of their resources to the war effort
What was the Treaty of Versailles
A peace treaty signed on June 28, 1919 between the Allies and Germany that ended WW1
How did nationalism inflame tensions in Europe?
Nationalism ran high in France and Germany, where patriotic French longed to regain the lost provinces
What was the Schlieffen Plan and what was it's purpose?
A plan devised by General Alfred Von Schlieffen to attack Russia and take them down before attacking France to avoid a two-front war
Why was the use of toxic gas inefficient?
It was unpredictable, and wind currents could change the direction of the gas
What is propaganda?
Spreading of ideas to promote a cause or to damage an opposing cause
What was the League of Nations and what was it's goal?
An international organization founded in 1919 after World War 1 as part of the Treaty of Versailles. Its goal was to promote international cooperation an prevent future wars
How did imperialism rivalries inflame tensions in Europe?
Nations, such as Germany, developed economically fast with their factories, while nations like Britain didn’t. Competition between colonizing territories also created rivalries.
What was the event that made Great Britain join the war?
Germany marched through neutral Belgium to avoid direct conflict through France's borders.
How did the creation of automatic rifles affect the stalemate in the Western Front?
It made it more difficult to cross no-man’s land
How did women impact the war?
Women took over jobs at home while the men fought abroad. Many women also served in the armed forces as nurses and volunteers.
Describe condition in Europe after WW1.
Europe was in a state of economic and political turmoil. Many countries were left in large debts, high unemployment, and weakened infrastructures.
How did militarism inflame tensions in Europe?
Militarism happened as a cause from rising tensions between countries , when European powers embarked on an arms race and glorified everyone’s military.
Who were the Allies and who were the Central Powers in early WW1?
The Allies were Serbia, Russia, France, and Great Britain while the Central Powers were Austria-Hungary and Germany
What were the three European colonies that sent troops to Britain’s aid?
Canada, Australia, and New Zealand
Which Allied nation dropped out of the war and why?
Russia, Lenin.
What did the Treaty of Versailles do to Germany?
Germany was forced to accept full responsibility for WW1, had to pay reparations to the allies. The treaty also required Germany to disarm and reduce their army. It forced them to give up some of its territory and stripped them of their overseas colonies.
Why did European nations form alliances?
Because of the distrust between nations.
Who do most modern historians think was most responsible for the war?
Everyone. All the countries are equally responsible for the war
Why were U-boats important for the Germans?
It helped sink Allied merchant ships that carried vital supplies to Britain
What were the Fourteen Points and who issued them?
The Fourteen Points were issued by Woodrow Wilson as an attempt to encourage peace. The Fourteen Points called for an end to secret treaties, freedom of the seas, free trade, and large-scale reduction of arms
How did the peace treaties both follow and violate Wilson’s principle of self determination?
The peace treaties following Wilson’s principle allowed for the creation of new nations and the recognition of existing nations. However the treaties also violated Wilson’s principle in some cases as they imposed harsh on defeated nations and imposed colonial rule on some territories.