vocab
what is ischemia
decreased blood flow
what is ionizing radiation
it causes the ionization of molecules and atoms in the cell
what are the causes of cell injury
physical, radiation, and chemical
what is the function of apoptosis
to remove injured or worn out cells
what does UV radiation cause
sunburn
what is hyperplasia
increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue
what is hypoxic cell injury
deprives the cell of oxygen and interrupts oxidative metabolism and the generation of ATP
what are the 3 types of radiation injuries
ionizing, UV, and nonionizing.
how does apoptsis play a role in the fingers and toes on a embryo.
it separates the webbed fingers and toes
what are the 2 broad categories of heart initiating signals
bio-mechanical stress and neurohumoral factors
what is dysplasia
deranged cell growth of a specific tissue that results in cells that vary in size
what is a chemical injury
chemicals that are capable of damaging cells.
what is the effect on children if they have low lead levels
devastating cognitive and intellectual deficits, as well as neurological problems.
how does necrosis differ from apoptosis
necroses causes the loss of cell membrane integrity and enzymatic breakdown of cell parts, and triggers the inflammatory process.
how does electrical injuries affect the body
through extensive tissue injury and disruption of neural and cardiac impulses
what is intracellular accumulations
the buildup of substances that cells cant immediately use or eliminate.
what is hypertrophy
increase in cell size
what is thimerosal
an ethyl mercury containing preservative that helps prevent microorganism growth in vaccines.
what is coagulative necrosis
acidosis develops and denatures the enzymatic and structural proteins of the cell.
what are the 3 most injurious mechanisms that influence cell injury
free radical formation, hypoxia and atp depletion, disruption of intacellular calcium homeostatsis.
what is pathologic calcification
what is cellular adaptation
a protective mechanism to prevent cellular and tissue harm because of stressors.
capillary stasis and arteriolar/capillary thrombosis.
why is hyperbaric oxygen therapy often not considered as a go to when treating gangrene
there is no clinical data supporting its efficacy
what is one important effect of reduced ATP
acute cell swelling