Carbon bonding & functional groups
Monomers, Polymers, and Macromolecules
Carbs
Protein
Lipids & Nucleic Acids
100
Compounds with carbon to carbon or carbon to hydrogen bonds
What are organic compounds
100
A simple molecule that can combine with other molecules to make a polymer
What is a monomer?
100
Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1
What is a carbohydrate?
100
The four main elements in proteins
What are Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen (CHON)?
100
Unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids
What are fatty acids?
200
A covalent bond formed when two atoms share ONE pair of electrons
What is a single bond
200
A large molecule formed by more than five monomers
What is a polymer?
200
General term for the monomer of a carbohydrate
What is a monosaccharide?
200
The monomers of proteins
What are amino acids?
200
Fatty acids in which each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other atoms (the carbon atoms are "full")
What is a saturated fatty acid?
300
Clusters of atoms in organic compounds that influence the characteristics of the molecules.
What are functional groups
300
Type of reaction in which monomers link to form polymers and a water molecule is released each time a monomer is added.
What is a condensation reaction?
300
The monosaccharide found in milk
What is galactose?
300
The bond between two amino acids
What is a peptide bond?
300
The two major types of nucleic acids
What are DNA and RNA?
400
The functional group that makes an alcohol polar
What is a hydroxyl group?
400
The reverse of a condensation reaction in which water is used to break down a polymer
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
400
The sweetest of the monosaccharides that is found in fruit
What is fructose?
400
The term for the reactant being catalyzed by an enzyme
What is the substrate?
400
The monomers of nucleic acids
What are nucleotides?
500
These types of molecules are hydrophilic, or soluble in water.
What are polar molecules?
500
Compounds with a single chemical formula but different structural forms
What are isomers?
500
Enzymes weaken chemical bonds in the substrate it is acting on, lowering this, and helping the reaction to start
What is activation energy?
500
The three main components of a nucleotide
What are a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base?
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