Cell Cycle
What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?
What is interphase?
What type of cell division creates gametes?
What is meiosis?
What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
What are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine?
What is the correct order of the phases of mitosis?
What is prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase?
What is the term for a cell that has two sets of chromosomes?
What is diploid?
What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle?
What is DNA replication?
What is the term for a cell that has two sets of chromosomes?
What is diploid?
What is a karyotype?
What is a photograph of the pairs of chromosomes from somatic cells?
What happens to the nuclear membrane during prophase?
What is it breaks down to allow chromosome movement?
What is fertilization?
What is the fusion of a male and female gamete to form a zygote?
What are the three main stages of interphase?
What are G1, S, and G2?
During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?
What is prophase I?
What are homologous chromosomes?
What is a pair of chromosomes, one from each parent, that are the same size carry the same genes?
During which phase do sister chromatids get pulled apart?
What is anaphase?
Why are no two gametes (except identical twins) genetically identical?
What is because of crossing over?
Why do cells go through the cell cycle instead of growing indefinitely?
What is because larger cells have trouble transporting nutrients and waste efficiently?
What are two major differences between mitosis and meiosis?
What is that mitosis produces two identical diploid cells, while meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells?
What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?
What is that haploid cells have one set of chromosomes, while diploid cells have two?
What is the role of spindle fibers in mitosis?
What is to attach to chromosomes and help separate them?
What is one reason genetic variation is important for a species?
What is that it allows a species to adapt to changing environments?
Does cell division stop once an organism is fully grown? Why not?
What is even after an organism is fully grown, cell division is necessary for:
Tissue Repair – To replace damaged or dead cells and heal injuries.
Maintenance – To replace old or worn-out cells and ensure proper functioning of tissues and organs.
Why do gametes contain different genetic material from each other?
What is because crossing over shuffles genetic material, and different chromosomes are randomly separated into gametes?
If a DNA sample is 20% adenine, what percentage of the other three bases must be present?
What is 20% thymine, 30% guanine, and 30% cytosine?
What is cytokinesis, and how does it differ between plant and animal cells?
What is the division of the cytoplasm; in animal cells, the membrane pinches inward, while in plant cells, a cell plate forms?
How does crossing over during meiosis contribute to genetic variation?
What is that it allows homologous chromosomes to exchange segments of DNA, creating new combinations of alleles in gametes?