Chapter 4

Cell Membrane

100

This makes up the structure of the cell membrane; individual units have a head and two tails

Phospholipid bilayer

200

This type of transporter does not use energy

Passive

300

This type of transporter uses energy

Active

400

Term for water moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Osmosis

500

Name of the electrical potential that is found on both sides of the cell membrane

Resting Membrane Potential

Mitochondria

100

The mitochondria produces this as its main product

ATP

200

This gas is used by the mitochondria to help produce ATP

Oxygen

300

This part of aerobic respiration happens outside of the mitochondria, but gives it the pyruvate it needs to generate ATP

Glycolysis

400

This part of aerobic respiration uses a series of enzymes of move electrons around until the electron reaches a final electron receptor and generates massive amounts of ATP

Electron Transport Chain

500

This part of aerobic respiration operates in cyclical manner, generating NADH and FADH from pyruvate that get used downstream to help move electrons around

Citric Acid Cycle

The rest of the organelles

100

This organelle produces all proteins

Ribosome

200

This organelle packages proteins for export outside the cell and has a cis and trans surface

Golgi Body

300

This organelle is known as "rough" because of the amount of ribosomes found  on it

Rough ER

400

This is considered the "bones" of the cell

Cytoskeleton

500

This organelle targets ubiquitin tagged molecules and dissolves them

Proteosome

Nucleic Acid

100

This refers to large units of DNA held together by centromeres

Chromosome

200

This is the process in which DNA is turned into RNA

Transcription

300

This process turns RNA into proteins

Transcription

400

This refers to the process of both reading and lengthening of transcribed RNA and translated proteins

Elongation

500

This nucleic acid is found exclusively in RNA

Uracil

Mitosis

100

The first step of mitosis; results in chromosomes condensing 

prophase

200

Refers to when a daughter cell is split from a parent cell

Cytokinesis 

300

This is the phase in which nucleus begins to reform in a cell

Telophase

400

This phase of mitosis is when the duplicated chromosomes are split apart into sister chromatids 

Anaphase

500

These structures help to line up chromosomes in the center of the cell during metaphase

Centrioles