Transportation and Industry
What was one consequence of legislation, such as the National Banking Act, Homestead Act, and Pacific Railway Act, passed by Congress during the Civil War years?
A. economic decline in the South
B. increased trade with Latin America.
C. delay in completion of the transcontinental railroad.
D. post-war economic growth of the Northeast and West
D. post-war economic growth of the Northeast and West
The excerpt below is from the decision of a federal court in Illinois. The court ruled that Eugene Debs and other members of the American Railvay Union had violated the Sherman Antitrust Act and earlier court orders by continuing the Pullman Strike.
“The ... defendants, in combination with the members of the American Railway Union and others..., were engaged in a conspiracy in restraint... of interstate commerce over the roads entering Chicago, and, in furtherance of their design, those actively engaged in the strike were using threats, violence, and other unlawful means of interference with the operations of the roads; that by the injunction they were commanded to desist, but, instead of respecting the order, they persisted in their purpose, without essential change of conduct, until compelled to yield to superior force.”
— United States v. Eugene V. Debs (64 F. 724), 1894
Based on this excerpt, which conclusion can be made?
A. Conditions for Pullman workers were actually better than those of most other workers.
B. In the late 19th century, courts sometimes opposed the actions of labor unions.
C. Leaders of the American Railway Union were attempting to establish an unfair monopoly.
D. Union leaders failed to consider the problems facing railway owners when they conducted the strike.
B. In the late 19th century, courts sometimes opposed the actions of labor unions.
How did many nativists feel about the rapid influx of immigrants between 1870 and 1900?
A. They worried that the costs of urban housing would go down.
B. They feared that the immigrants might take their jobs for lower wage
C. They hoped that the growth of the city would bring more concerts and public parks.
D. They welcomed the arrival of diverse peoples with different foods and traditions.
B. They feared that the immigrants might take their jobs for lower wage
Which was NOT a problem faced by farmers in the late 19th century?
A. Overproduction on the Great Plains led to a drop in crop prices.
B. Rising city populations were willing to pay higher prices for food.
C. Railroads and grain elevator owners were making huge profits on farmers.
D. Famers owed money on loans for farm machinery, improvements and bad times.
B. Rising city populations were willing to pay higher prices for food.
Which useful function was served by the political machines of the late 1800s?
A. They prevented corruption in local government.
B. They helped provide a supply of cheap and skilled labor for industry.
C. They served as role models for future city governments by acting as city managers.
D. They assisted in the social assimilation of immigrants into the community.
D. They assisted in the social assimilation of immigrants into the community.
Which pair of African-American inventors received patents for inventions that improved steam-driven transportation?
A. Elijah McCoy and Granville Woods
B. Madame Walker and Sarah Goode
C. Johnn Albert Burn and Jan Matzeliger
D. Lewis Latimer and Garrett Morgan
A. Elijah McCoy and Granville Woods
What was one of the grievances of industrial workers in the late 1800s?
A. high tariffs
B. child labor
C. silver coinage
D. overseas competition
B. child labor
What was an important way in which the Knights of Labor differed from the
American Federation of Labor?
A. It represented skilled workers in negotiations.
B. It was open to women and African Americans.
C. It tried to recruit new members to increase its influence.
D. It wanted to increase workers' wages and limit working hours.
B. It was open to women and African Americans.
What demand was made in the Populist Party platform of 1892?
A. higher tariffs
B. a graduated income tax
C. unrestricted immigration
D. selection of U.S. Senators by state legislatures
B. a graduated income tax
"Communities are better off on their own without any central government so that individual freedom can flourish."
Which individual would most likely agree with this statement?
A. an imperialist naval officer
B. a capitalist entrepreneur
C. a socialist politician
D. an anarchist writer
D. an anarchist writer
How did the introduction of the Bessemer process affect the American economy?
A. Manufacturers could produce cheaper and better steel.
B. Suppliers could now communicate instantly over long distances.
C. Industrial workers successfully obtained shorter hours and other benefits.
D. Entrepreneurs like John D. Rockefeller could refine petroleum more cheaply.
A. Manufacturers could produce cheaper and better steel.
What was an important consequence of the Haymarket Riot?
A. decline of the Knights of Labor
B. rally of public opinion in favor of workers
C. victory of workers in the Homestead Strike.
D. break up of the American Federation of Labor
A. decline of the Knights of Labor
How did the experiences of Chinese immigrants differ from those of the
"New Immigrants" from Southern and Eastern Europe?
A. They often took the least desirable and lowest paying jobs.
B. They frequently faced prejudice and discrimination from nativists.
C. They were unable to use all of the same skills that they possessed at home
D. They could not own property, testify in some state courts, or become citizens.
D. They could not own property, testify in some state courts, or become citizens.
The excerpt below is from a law enacted by Congress in 1887.
“Section 4. That it shall be unlawful for any common carrier subject to the provisions of this act to charge or receive any greater compensation in the aggregate for the transportation of passengers or of like kind of property, under substantially similar circumstances and conditions, for a shorter than for a longer distance over the same line, in the same direction, the shorter being included within the longer distance...”
Why did Congress pass this law?
A. Only Congress had the right to regulate economic activities even within a single state.
B. Congress wanted to save natural resources by discouraging shipments over long distances.
C. The Supreme Court had overruled state laws prohibiting unjust practices by interstate railroads.
D. Political machines influenced Congress to pass legislation favoring some companies over others.
C. The Supreme Court had overruled state laws prohibiting unjust practices by interstate railroads.
The statement below was written by an English scientist.
“Tenstral selection improves a race... The most merciful form affat Tventured to call "eugenics" would consist in watching for the indications of superior races and in so favoring them that their [children) shall outnumber and gradually replace.... [other races).”
-Francis Calton. Inauiries into Human Faculty and its Development (1882)
Based on this excerpt, which ideology would this author most likely support?
A. communism
B. anarchism
C. socialism
D. Social Darwinism
D. Social Darwinism
How did the development of large-scale steel production by Andrew Carnegie and other entrepreneurs impact the United States?
A. It made possible the spread of railroad tracks and the construction of larger bridges and buildings.
B. It promoted greater equality between men and women in the workplace
C. It reduced the length of the average workday for industrial workers.
D. It reduced the nation's earlier demand for iron ore.
A. It made possible the spread of railroad tracks and the construction of larger bridges and buildings.
Why did government leaders generally sympathize with business owners against labor in the late 19th century?
A. Government leaders received money from business and also believed in Laissez-faire.
B. Government leaders were followers of new ideologies from Europe such as socialism.
C. Government leaders did not believe that conditions for industrial workers were all that bad.
D. Government leaders feared violence from business owners if they took the side of workers.
A. Government leaders received money from business and also believed in Laissez-faire.
Which was NOT a major issue faced by the cities on the table above?
A. the growth of nativist attitudes against immigrants
B. rising food prices caused by labor shortages on farms
C. increased corruption in city government from political machines
D. increased traffic congestion from pedestrians, carriages and trains
B. rising food prices caused by labor shortages on farms
The excerpt below is from William Jenning Bryan's speech at the Democratic Convention in 1896.
Having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world, supported by the commercial interests, the laboring interests, and the toilers everywhere, we will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them: "You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns; you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold."
Based on this speech, what did Bryan demand in his subsequent campaign for the Presidency?
A. the acquisition of colonies to increase employment opportunities
B. the creation of a national park system to protect the nation's wildlife
C. a policy of bimetallism that would help farmers by raising crop prices
D. higher tariffs to protect American manufacturers from foreign competition
C. a policy of bimetallism that would help farmers by raising crop prices
Which group most favored the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1881?
A. imperialists in Congress
B. nativists on the West Coast
C. Progressives from the Midwest
D. anarchists who immigrated from Europe
B. nativists on the West Coast
What goal motivated Henry Flagler to build the Florida East Coast Railway?
A. to encourage the U.S. government to build a canal in Panama
B. to bring tourists to the luxury hotels he had built along the Florida coastline
C. to create a refuge for people immigrating to the United States from Latin America
D. to build a "dream town" with money he had made from his partnership with John D. Rockefeller
B. to bring tourists to the luxury hotels he had built along the Florida coastline
How were the Homestead and Pullman Strikes similar?
A. Both were ended by federal court injunctions.
B. Both were led by union organizer Eugene V. Debs.
C. Both ended in important defeats for organized labor.
D. Both involved armed confrontations between workers and Pinkertons.
C. Both ended in important defeats for organized labor.
Why were immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe in the late 19th century welcomed by industrialists?
A. The immigrants found it difficult to learn English and assimilate.
B. The immigrants voted for candidates from the local political machines.
C. The immigrants were willing to work for lower wages than most other workers.
D. The immigrants lived in ghettos with other people from the same background.
C. The immigrants were willing to work for lower wages than most other workers.
What was the purpose of the Grange movement?
A. to fight the corruption of political machines in cities
B. to break the rural isolation of farmers and represent their interests
C. to halt the influx of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe
D. to agitate for government ownership of railroads, telegraphs and telephones
B. to break the rural isolation of farmers and represent their interests.
What was a consequence of the rapid growth of cities in the late 1800s?
A. the decline of political machines in the Midwest
B. the migration of poor workers to the suburbs
C. a decrease in the gap between rich and poor
D. the rapid growth of tenements and ghettos
D. the rapid growth of tenements and ghettos