Periodic Table Basics
What number determines the order of elements on the modern periodic table?
Atomic Number
Who demonstrated that combustion requires oxygen?
Antoine Lavoisier
What family is found in Group 1 of the periodic table?
Alkali Metals
Which type of element is typically shiny, malleable, and ductile?
Metal
What do the dots in electron dot notation represent?
Valence electrons
What are the vertical columns on the periodic table called?
Groups or families
Who developed the law of octaves?
John Newlands
How many valence electrons do alkaline-earth metals have?
2
Where are most nonmetals located on the periodic table?
To the right of the heavy stairstep line
How many dots should calcium have in its electron dot notation?
2
What do elements in the same group have in common?
The same number of valence electrons
Who identified triads, or groups of three elements with similar properties?
Johann Döbereiner
What family does chlorine belong to?
Halogens
Which type of element is often a brittle solid with metallic luster?
Metalloid
Which element has the larger atomic radius: sodium or cesium?
Cesium
How many periods and groups are on the modern periodic table?
7 periods and 18 groups
Who organized elements into columns with similar properties and left spaces for undiscovered elements?
Dmitri Mendeleev
What are Groups 13–16 called because they contain metals, nonmetals, and metalloids?
Mixed Groups
What type of elements are commonly used as semiconductors?
Metalloids
What is electronegativity?
An element's ability to attract and hold electrons when bonded to other atoms
What is the difference between a group and a period?
Groups are vertical columns, and periods are horizontal rows.
Whose discoveries led scientists to organize the periodic table by atomic number instead of atomic mass?
Henry Moseley
What type of element is uranium, which is located below the main body of the periodic table?
Inner transition metal
Approximately what percentage of elements are metals?
Almost 80%
Arrange these elements from greatest to least electronegativity: lithium, nitrogen, fluorine, carbon.
Fluorine, nitrogen, carbon, lithium