Safe to Help?
Gloves and breathing barriers belong to this group of equipment used to reduce exposure to blood and body fluids.
Personal protective equipment—PPE
An adult does not respond and takes only occasional gasps. Someone is calling 911. What lifesaving care should begin?
CPR
A small burn is red, dry, and painful without blisters. Only the epidermis is damaged. Identify its degree.
First-degree burn
An alert athlete develops muscle cramps after heavy sweating. After stopping activity and moving somewhere cool, what may the athlete sip if able to swallow?
Cool water or an electrolyte drink
An ankle injury stretches the tissue connecting one bone to another. Identify the injury.
Sprain
During a nosebleed, which part of the nose should be pinched while the person leans forward?
The soft part below the bony bridge
An adult collapses beside an active loading lane. Remaining there is dangerous, but you and two trained helpers can safely reach and move them to a protected area. After removal, the adult is unresponsive and only gasps. You are trained in CPR, and an AED arrives after several cycles.
Put these actions in order:
A. Open the airway and give 2 breaths, about 1 second each, watching for chest rise.
B. Confirm that the approach and removal route are safe.
C. When the AED arrives, follow its prompts and immediately resume CPR after a shock or “no shock advised.”
D. Move the adult to safety with the second trained helper.
E. Check responsiveness and normal breathing for no more than 10 seconds.
F. Repeat cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths while waiting for the AED.
G. Send one helper to call 911 and retrieve the AED without delaying removal.
H. On a firm, flat surface, give 30 center-chest compressions at 100–120 per minute, about 2–2.4 inches deep, allowing full recoil.
B → G → D → E → H → A → F → C.
Before kneeling beside someone who has collapsed in a parking lot, what must you check first?
Scene safety
A student coughs strongly after food enters the airway and can still answer questions. What should you encourage?
Continued coughing while monitoring closely
A burn forms blisters and damages the epidermis and part of the dermis. Identify its degree.
Second-degree burn
A gardener is pale, sweaty, dizzy, and fully alert after working in the heat. Which heat illness best fits?
Heat exhaustion
A lifting injury tears a muscle or the tendon attaching it to a bone. Identify the injury.
Strain
An attached tick needs removal. Describe the correct pulling motion after grasping it close to the skin with fine-tipped tweezers.
Pull straight upward with steady, even pressure.
An injured person is accessible, but remaining in place exposes them to immediate danger. You can safely remove them. What action is justified?
An emergency move to a safe location
A responsive infant cannot cry, breathe, or cough effectively. What two actions should be alternated while help is summoned?
Five back blows and five chest thrusts
A deep burn has a leathery, numb center. What explains why serious damage may produce little pain there?
Damaged or destroyed nerve endings
An overheated athlete becomes confused and collapses while still sweating. Which emergency should you suspect?
Heat stroke
A bone is broken, and a skin wound connects the fracture to the outside. No bone is visible. Is this open or closed?
Open fracture
Someone feels well after a possible rabies exposure. Why must medical advice be sought before symptoms appear?
Rabies prevention must begin before symptoms develop.
You can see someone unconscious inside a room containing unknown fumes. Why should you remain outside and summon trained help?
outside and summon trained help?Seeing the person does not mean the air is safe to enter.
A rescuer gives adult compressions at 110 per minute but pushes only one inch deep. Which part of the technique needs correction?
Depth—compress about 2–2.4 inches.
A metal fragment is deeply embedded in a wound. After calling for emergency help, should you remove it or stabilize it?
Stabilize it in place and control bleeding around it.
A hiker’s frostbitten fingers begin to thaw in a warm shelter. Before leaving, you learn the fingers could freeze again during the trip. Why is preventing refreezing essential?
Refreezing thawed tissue can cause additional, more severe tissue damage.
A forearm looks bent after a fall. What should you do with its position while awaiting medical care?
Support it in the position found without straightening it.
Someone may have swallowed a cleaner but has no symptoms. Which service should be contacted promptly rather than inducing vomiting or trying a home remedy?
Poison Control
A student says compassion means attempting any medical procedure, even without training. What principle should guide the student instead?
Provide compassionate care within your training while getting appropriate help.
An AED announces “no shock advised,” but the adult remains unresponsive and is not breathing normally. What should happen immediately?
Resume CPR and follow the AED’s prompts.
A chest wound lets air enter the space around a lung, interfering with its expansion. Identify this condition.
Open pneumothorax
After major blood loss, someone becomes pale, clammy, weak, and confused. What failure within the body explains this condition?
Inadequate delivery of oxygen-rich blood to organs—shock
A soaked hiker becomes confused and clumsy in cold weather. Which condition requires shelter, dry layers, and gentle warming of the core?
Hypothermia
A person is breathing rapidly and feels dizzy. A helper offers a paper bag. What should replace that approach?
Calm support and gentle, slower breathing, with monitoring and emergency help for serious symptoms