Energy Forms & Definitions
Law of Conservation of Energy and Systems
Interpreting Sankey Diagrams & Energy Efficiency
Energy Conversion Technologies
Energy Types
100
Mechanical energy is defined as the sum of which two types of energy?
A) Kinetic and Thermal
B) Electrical and Thermal
C) Kinetic and Gravitational Potential
D) Thermal and Gravitational Potential
A) Kinetic and Thermal
100
In a gasoline internal combustion engine, what type of energy represents the primary input energy?
A) Chemical Energy
B) Electrical Energy
C) Kinetic Energy
D) Thermal Energy
A) Chemical Energy
100
What percentage of the energy is transformed into Effective Power (Mobility & Accessories)?
A) 15%
B) 25%
C) 30%
D) 35%
B) 25%
100
Identify a technology that converts Electrical Energy into Light Energy.
Lightbulb (or equivalent answer)
100
Which form of energy is stored in the chemical bonds of food, fossil fuels, and muscles before it is converted to perform work?
Chemical Potential
200
Humans ingest food to power their bodies because food contains which stored form of energy?
A) Radiant Energy
B) Chemical Energy
C) Kinetic Energy
D) Thermal Energy
B) Chemical Energy
200
According to the Law of Conservation of Energy, energy can neither be created nor destroyed. Which equation correctly describes total energy in a system?
A) Input Energy = Useful Output Energy - Waste Output Energy
B) Input Energy = Useful Output Energy + Waste Output Energy
C) Useful Output Energy = Input Energy + Waste Output Energy
D) Waste Output Energy = Input Energy + Useful Output Energy
B) Input Energy = Useful Output Energy + Waste Output Energy
200
An incandescent light bulb Sankey diagram shows an input of 100 J of electrical energy. If 90 J is lost as heat energy, how much light energy is produced?
A) 10 J
B) 20 J
C) 50 J
D) 90 J
A) 10 J
200
Identify a technology that converts Light Energy (Sunlight) into Electrical Energy.
Solar Panel
200
When calculating the total mechanical energy of a moving object, which two specific forms of energy must you add together?
Kinetic and Gravitational Potential Energy
300
What form of energy is stored in fossil fuels like crude oil and natural gas?
A) Geothermal energy
B) Chemical potential energy
C) Radiant energy
D) Nuclear energy
B) Chemical Potential Energy
300
A hair dryer receives 750 J of electrical energy. If it outputs 550 J of thermal energy and 150 J of sound energy, how much kinetic energy is produced by the motor fan?
A) 25 J
B) 50 J
C) 100 J
D) 125 J
B) 50 J
300
What visual feature of a Sankey Diagram indicates the relative amount of energy flowing through each path?
A) The color of the arrows
B) The width of the arrows
C) The length of the diagram
D) The orientation of the labels
B) The width of the arrows
300
An electric motor (such as the fan inside a hair dryer) converts Electrical Energy into primarily which type of useful energy?
Kinetic / Mechanical Energy
300
What specific type of output energy is generated by the vibrating particles around a campfire or inside a running car engine?
Thermal Energy
400
Which energy form best describes energy carried by light or sunlight photons?
A) Thermal Energy
B) Radiant / Solar Energy
C) Mechanical Energy
D) Chemical Energy
B) Radiant / Solar Energy
400
What is the term for a system or device that transforms energy from one form into another?
A) Inverter
B) Converter
C) Reservoir
D) Radiator
B) Converter
400
In an ecosystem energy transfer chain, approximately what percentage of energy from consumed grass is passed on to the body mass of a primary consumer (e.g., rabbit)?
A) 1%
B) 10%
C) 50%
D) 90%
B) 10%
400
What technology is used in solar power systems to convert Direct Current (DC) electricity generated by solar panels into Alternating Current (AC) electricity for home use?
Inverter
400
Sunlight carries energy in the form of photons to drive plant photosynthesis and power solar panels. What form of energy is this?
Radiant/Light Energy
500
Energy gained directly from the heat stored within Earth's subsurface and mantle is known as:
A) Tectonic Shift Energy
B) Thermal Venting Energy
C) Geothermal Energy
D) Volcanic Capture Energy
C) Geothermal Energy
500
If $100 J of electrical energy enters a system and only $90 J of output energy is accounted for, what does the Law of Conservation of Energy imply?
A) 10 J of energy was destroyed.
B) 10 J of energy remains unidentified in another form (e.g., heat or sound).
C) The converter operated at over 100% efficiency.
D) Input energy does not equal output energy in electric devices.
B) 10 J of energy remains unidentified in another form (e.g., heat or sound).
500
Most car engines lose the largest portion of their input fuel energy through which output pathway?
A) Friction and tires
B) Sound/vibration
C) Exhaust gas and coolant heat
D) Battery charging
C) Exhaust gas and coolant heat
500
Name two different technologies that convert Chemical Potential Energy into other energy forms.
Car engine / Human Body / Battery
500
What form of energy is captured directly from heat sources within the Earth's mantle, such as volcanic activity and hot springs?
Geothermal Energy