Chemical Bonds Overview
What is a chemical bond?
An electrostatic attraction between two atoms
Which of the following is NOT a property common to ionic compounds?
A. High melting and boiling point
B. Conducts electricity in the solid state
C. Brittle
D. None of the above
B. Conducts electricity in the solid state
Li + F
LiF
Why are metallic compounds malleable and ductile, while ionic compounds are brittle?
Since metallic compounds have a sea of electrons, which acts as a glue to hold onto the metal ions.
What is the charge of P?
-3
What principle of electrostatics describes the forces that cause chemical bonding?
Opposite charges attract.
Why are metallic compounds malleable and ductile, while ionic compounds are brittle?
Since metallic compounds have a sea of electrons, which acts as a glue to hold onto the metal ions
NaCl
List 4 properties of a metallic compound.
1. High melting point
2. Malleable
3. Ductile
4. Good conductor (electrical & thermal)
5. Strong
6. Lustrous (shiny)
How are metallic bonds similar to covalent bonds? How are they different?
Both involve sharing electrons. However electrons in a covalent bond cannot move freely.
What determines the strength of the bond between two atoms?
The amount of charge and the distance between the charged particles
True or False.
Atoms lose electrons to form Anions.
False.
K + O
K2O
Metallic, covalent, or ionic bond?
Metal atoms ionize and share their valence electrons freely with neighboring atoms in a lattice structure; the sea of electrons hold the positive metal ions together.
Metallic
Metallic, covalent, or ionic bond?
Nuclei of nearby atoms attract electrons from the neighboring atom cooperatively so that the electrons are shared to form the bond
Covalent
Why do atoms form chemical bonds?
To have a stable noble gas electron configuration
True or False.
You need 2 cations to form an ionic compound.
False
Na + OH
NaOH
Name 2 types of alloys
Substitutional alloys, where atoms of similar size swap places in the metal lattice. E.g. Copper and Zinc make Brass.
Interstitial alloys, where smaller atoms fit into the gaps between larger metal atoms. Steel (carbon packed between iron atoms) is an example.
Metallic, covalent, or ionic bond?
Metals lose valence electrons to a non-metal resulting in opposite charged ions that attract to form a bond.
Ionic
Which of the following is NOT a common type of chemical bond found in atoms?
A. Covalent Bond
B. Ion-dipole Bond
C. Metallic Bond
D. Ionic Bond
B. Ion-dipole Bond
What determines the strength of ionic compounds?
The amount of charge and distance between ions
Mg + Cl
MgCl2
Why are alloys typically harder than their base metal?
Because different size atoms prevent lattice layers sliding.
NH4 + P
Hint: NH4 act like a single ion.
(NH4)3P
Chemical name: ammonium phosphide.
Note that NH4 act like a single ion with a +1 charge (NH4+) and phosphide has a -3 charge (P3-).