Chapter 9 Introduction to Animals

What Is An Animal?

100

The structures and behaviors that allow animals to perform their basic functions: 

Adaptations

200

Name at least 4 different invertebrate groups of animals: 

Sponges, Cnidarians, Flatworms, Roundworms, Segmented Worms, Mollusks, Arthropods, Echinoderms

300

Name at least 3 different vertebrate groups of animals: 

Fishes, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals

400

Animals are classified according to how they are related to other animals. Name at least two ways in which these relationships are determined: 

- Animal body structure 

- The way an animal develops 

- DNA

500

What are the four basic functions performed by animals? 

- Obtain food/oxygen

- Keep internal conditions stable (homeostasis)

- Move in some way

- Reproduce

Animal Body Plans

100

Organisms with this type of symmetry are organized simply, with some specialized cells but no tissues. 

Asymmetry 

200

The kind of symmetry that allows an animal to take in information about their surroundings from ALL directions: 

Radial

300

The animal body plan with the most complex organization. Animals with this type of symmetry have complex organ systems. 

Bilateral Symmetry

400

The structure containing many of an organism's specialized sense organs, often found on the front side of a bilateral animal. 

Head

500

Name two different organisms with radial symmetry

Jellyfish (and other Cnidarians), Starfish (and other Echinoderms), etc. 

Introduction to Invertebrates

100

Invertebrates with stinging cells and radial symmetry. They take food into a central body cavity. 

Cnidarians

200

Asymmetrical invertebrates with no tissues or organs: 

Sponges

300

Organisms with a soft, unsegmented body, often protected by a hard internal or external shell: 

Mollusks

400

The approximate percentage of organisms in the animal kingdom without a backbone

96% of animals are invertebrates 

500

To which group of invertebrates do cephalopods, such as squids, belong? 

Mollusks 

(They have a soft, unsegmented body protected by a hard internal shell)

Introduction to Vertebrates

100

The backbone is made up of many smaller bones called this: 

Vertebrae 

(singular vertebra)

200

The flexible rod that supports a chordate's back during development: 

Notochord

300

An organism that controls the internal heat it produces and regulates its own body temperature: 

Endotherm 

(A warm-blooded animal. Examples include humans, rabbits, penguins, etc.)

400

Name the three characteristics shared by all chordates: 

Notochord, Nerve Cord, and Throat Pouches

500

What are the three major parts of a vertebrate's endoskeleton and what do they each protect? 

Skull protects the brain

Rib cage protects internal organs (heart/lungs)

Backbone protects the nerve chord (spinal chord) 

Hodgepodge

100

An organism that produces little internal body heat. Its body temperature changes with temperature changes in the environment: 

Ectotherm 

(A cold-blooded animal. Examples include reptiles like snakes, and amphibians like turtles.) 

200

The name of a mollusk that has two shells and a simple nervous system:

Bivalve

(an example of a bivalve would be a clam because it has two shells)

300

Insects and birds both fly. Despite this similarity, why are they classified into different groups? 

- They have different body structures (Invertebrate vs. Vertebrate) 

- They have different DNA

400

These organisms all have exoskeletons and segmented bodies: 

Arthropods

500

Name at least 2 characteristics that birds share with mammals: 

Mammals and birds are both endothermic and both are vertebrates.