Chapter 1
A psychological and physiological phenomenon where a person's health or symptoms improve after receiving an inert, fake, or non-therapeutic treatment (such as a sugar pill, saline injection, or sham surgery)
What is the placebo effect?
What three forms of matter are found on earth?
what is solid liquid gas?
What are the four macromolecules? Give an example of each.
what is -
- lipid (ex: cholesterol, butter)
-protein (ex: chicken)
-carbohydrate (ex: pasta)
-nucleic acid (ex: DNA, RNA)
What does the Cell Theory state?
what is:
- all living things composed of cells
-cells come from existing cells
-cells are the basic unit of structure and function.
In the respiratory tract, many cells are lined with these small hairlike structures that allow for the movement of mucus.
What are cilia?
a research study in which neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving the active treatment and who is receiving a placebo or control
What is a double blind experiment?
What are the 6 elements required for MOST life on Earth
What are the monomers for each macromolecule?
- protein (amino acids)
-carbohydrates (sugars/glucose)
-Lipids (fatty acid + glycerol)
-nucleic acids (nucleotides)
Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
what is:
prokaryotes - no nucleus, more simple
eukaryotes - nucleus - more complex
This organelle converts food into ATP in the presence of oxygen
what is the mitochondria?
Give an example of how structure determines function in the human body.
Answers may vary.
Examples: the intestines are long in length and are folded to allow more nutrient absorption.
Describe the structure of an atom, and the charges of the particles.
What is a proton (+), a neutron (neutral), and an electron (-)?
Compare and contrast a dehydration synthesis reaction and a hydrolysis reaction.
- dehydration synthesis reaction removes a water molecule / combines two molecules
-hydrolysis reaction uses a water molecule to break something down.
What are features that ALL cells have in common?
- cell membranes
-dna
-ribosomes
this organelle converts sunlight, water, CO2 into glucose/other carbohydrates
what is the chloroplast?
Describe the central dogma of molecular biology (or how information flows)
what is DNA --> RNA --> Protein?
List and describe at least three properties of water.
What is
- cohesion (water molecules stick together)
-adhesion (water molecules stick to other things)
-high specific heat (water resists changes in temp)
-found in all three states
-high surface tension
-universal solvent
Describe how American sugar intake has led to negative health effects.
What are three differences between plant and animal cells?
=plant cells have a cell wall, larger central vacuole, and chloroplasts
- animal cells have lysosomes.
This organelle is continuous with the nucleus and works like a factory system.
what is the endoplasmic reticulum?
List at least 5 of the 8 properties of life and explain each.
What are.......
Made of cells
Order
Growth and development
Energy processing
Regulation
Response to environment
Reproduction
Evolution
Describe properties of acids and bases. What range is acidic? Neutral? Basic?
What is
- acid 0-6, sour
-base 8-14, chalky
neutral - 7 - pure water.
Compare unsaturated, saturated, and trans fats. What are their characteristics at room temperature? What are examples of each?
-unsaturated: liquid at room temp, olive oil
-saturated: solid at room temp, butter
-trans fat- does not exist in nature. unnaturally solid at room temp, assists in keeping food stable. ex: partially hydrogenated oil found in processed foods.
Which organelle allows for APOPTOSIS (programmed cell death)?
What is the lysosome?
This organelle acts like a "vehicle" moving products in and out of the cell
what is a vesicle?