chapter 19
what do diuretics do?
they decrease the blood volume by getting rid of excess fluid and salt, they also lower blood pressure and reduce pulmonary edema
define repolarization and refractory period
repolarization - period of time when the heart is recharging and preparing for another contraction
refractory period - time between contractions that it takes for repolarization to occur
what happens in hiatal hernia
condition in which the lower esophageal sphincter shifts above the diaphragm
what is ulcerative colitis
disease that produces inflammation, ulcers, and damage to the colon
define gastroenteritis
inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestine
why cant we take NSAIDs with anti-platelet drugs
They both block the formation of clots so taking both at the same time may lead to excessive bleeding
what is a sign of quinidine toxicity
tinnitus
what is a major side effect of cimetidine
breast swelling or tenderness in males
what is the mechanism of action of bulk forming laxatives
the increased bulk causes the bowel to feel full and stimulates peristalsis and transit of contents through the bowel, it also promotes fluid accumulation in the colon
what are some lifestyle modifications recommended for people with GERD and PUD
avoid laying down after eating, eat small meals, avoid smoking and drinking, limit use of aspirin and NSAIDs
niacin is effective in increasing what
increasing HDL (good cholesterol)
Rythmodan belongs to what class
class 1A anti-arrhythmic drugs
adverse reaction for misoprostol
abdominal cramps and menstrual irregularities
what are adverse reactions of anticholinergics
constipation, dry mouth and photophobia
the drug Senna is apart of what class
bulk-forming laxative
what is an adverse reaction of digoxin
visual disturbances (altered color and hazy vision)
what patients should be cautious when using class II antiarrhythmic drugs
patients with asthma, diabetes, and heart failure
what are the adverse reactions of antacids
magnesium- diarrhea
aluminum and calcium - constipation
what is the mechanism of action of salfasalazine
inhibits pro-inflammatory substances released by the body
Lasix is apart of what class
loop diuretics
What do ACE inhibitors do
they reduce left ventricular hypertrophy, improve diastolic filling, increase cardiac output, and reduce peripheral vascular resistance
what are the 2 class III anti-arrhythmic drugs
AMIODARONE and SOTALOL
name some proton pump inhibitor drugs (brand)
Dexilant, Nexium, Prevacid, Losec, Pantoloc, Tecta
what are immunosuppressants used for
used for the treatment of chrons disease to induce remission
beta blockers have what common ending
olol
EX- BISOPROLOL, PROPRANOLOL