Structure Basics
A company diagram shows the CEO, managers, and who reports to whom. What is it called?
Organizational chart
Imagine a fast-food chain where every store must ask headquarters before changing a local promotion. Is decision-making centralized or decentralized?
Centralized
A graphic designer feels proud after mastering a difficult project, even without extra pay. Is that intrinsic or extrinsic motivation?
Intrinsic reward / intrinsic motivation
A manager believes employees dislike work and must be closely watched. Which McGregor theory is this?
Theory X
At a pizza shop, one worker makes dough while another handles orders. What is dividing work into specialized tasks called?
Division of labor / job specialization
Imagine a retail chain that lets local store managers choose community promotions. Is decision-making centralized or decentralized?
Decentralized
A Best Buy salesperson receives a cash bonus for meeting a sales target. What kind of reward is this?
Extrinsic reward
A manager believes employees can be self-directed and want responsibility. Which McGregor theory is this?
Theory Y
An employee at a clothing store gets contradictory instructions from two bosses. Which principle is being violated?
Unity of command
At a fictional Apple product launch, an engineer answers to both an engineering manager and a launch-project manager. Which structure is illustrated?
Matrix organizational structure
A warehouse manager studies how to perform a task more efficiently, following the ideas of which scientific-management pioneer?
Frederick Winslow Taylor
Two workers at a sneaker store do similar jobs, but one feels unfairly underpaid. Which theory explains the comparison?
Equity theory
A retailer separates employees into marketing, finance, and HR departments. What is this type of grouping called?
Functional departmentalization
A tech company removes two layers of middle management to speed up decisions. Is its structure becoming taller or flatter?
Flatter organizational structure
A worker first worries about food and shelter, then belonging, esteem, and personal growth. Which theory orders needs this way?
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
An employee works harder because they believe effort will improve performance and earn a reward they actually want. Which theory is this?
Expectancy theory
The formal line of authority running from top executives down to frontline staff is known as what?
Chain of command
A company's shared belief that 'the customer comes first' shapes how employees act. What is this shared set of values and norms called?
Organizational culture
A hotel improves pay and working conditions but also adds recognition and meaningful responsibility. Which two-factor theory explains this distinction?
Herzberg's two-factor theory
A restaurant redesigns a job so workers can make more decisions, solve problems, and own results. What is this called?
Job enrichment