The Periodic Table, Bonding, and Reactions
This is the "magic number" of valence electrons most atoms strive to have in their outer shell to become stable and non-reactive
8
In an experiment measuring how temperature affects the rate of a reaction, the temperature is what kind of variable?
Independent Variable
What 7-letter word describes how close a series of measurements are to one another, regardless of whether they are "correct.
Precision
These vertical columns on the Periodic Table contain elements with similar chemical properties and the same number of valence electrons.
Groups (or Families)
If a test question asks you to Synthesize a conclusion from two different data tables, was is it asking you to do?
combine information to form a new idea
This fundamental law states that atoms are not created or destroyed in a reaction, which is why a chemical equation must always be balanced
The Law of Conservation of Mass
What term refers to a substance that is dissolved in a solvent to create a solution?
Solute
What "law" states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction, meaning the mass of reactants must equal the mass of products?
Law of Conservation of Mass
This term refers to the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that determine its reactivity.
Valence Electrons
This 11-letter word describes a state where the forward and reverse rates of a chemical reaction are equal, resulting in no net change. This is also a word we use in Physics when discussing forces.
Equilibrium
What important characteristic do elements in the same vertical Column (also called a Group) on the Periodic table share?
The same number of valence electrons (or similar chemical properties)
WHat property describes a material's ability to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets without breaking?
Malleability
When reading a graduated cylinder, you must look at the bottom of what curve in the liquid’s surface
Meniscus
Elements in Group 18, such as Neon and Argon, are known by what name because they are generally unreactive
Noble Gases
While an "observation" is something you see directly, this term refers to a logical conclusion or "educated guess" based on those observations.
Inference
A reaction that is absorbing energy is what kind of reaction?
Endothermic
(exothermic is the RELEASE of energy. Think explosion- exo)
What is the name for the solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture during a chemical reaction?
A Precipitate
What term describes a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a given temperature?
Saturated
What number is located above the element symbol and represents the number of protons in the nucleus
the Atomic Number
In Physics, Potential Energy is often mgh (position); however, in Chemistry, Potential Energy is stored where?
Chemical Bonds
What kind of bond occurs when one atom transfers electrons to another (usually a metal to a non-metal), creating charged particles that stick together
Ionic Bond
"Electrolytes" are substances that, when dissolved in water, allow the solution to do what?
Conduct Electricity
What term refers to the ratio of an object's mass to its volume; it is an intensive property, meaning it does not change regardless of how much of the substance you have?
What elements, found along the "stair-step" line, have properties of both metals and nonmetals?
Metalloids
While a Physics student might think of 1/2mv^2, a Chemistry question referring to the "Average Kinetic Energy" of a molecular system is actually asking you to measure what?
Temperature