Octet Rule
Why do atoms form bonds?
Atoms form bonds to make their outer shells stable.
What is Ionic Bonds?
Ionic bonds is when atoms transfer valence electrons to one another.
What is covalent bonding?
These bonds are formed when atoms share electrons. They share electrons.This happens between two nonmetals.
What is metallic bonding?
The chemical bond between two metal atoms. This forms between positive atoms where the free electrons are shared between cations.
How to name ionic compounds and 2 examples
1. Write the cation and then the anion. Cation has the same name as the element
2. Write the anion, it has the same name of the element its written as. You have to replace the ending with ide
3. If there is multiple charges the roman numeral indicates the number that goes after the cation
ex. NaF: Sodium Flouride. The ide is the example
ex. H2O: Hydrogen oxide. The ide is the example
What is a good summarized definition for octet rule?
A rule that atoms tend to form compounds in ways that give them eight valence electrons and thus the electron configuration of a noble gas. An exception to an octet of electrons is in the case of the first noble gas, helium, which only has two valence electrons.
What type of atoms form this bond?
Usually metals and nonmetals
Draw 2 examples of a covalent bond forming
Ms.Thomaston I couldnt paste image so here is the link
2.https://www.aplustopper.com/covalent-bond-formed/
Valence electrons shared when forming covalent bonds means that atoms can fill their outer shells and maintain stability.
What are some properties of metals?
How to name molecular compounds and 2 examples
1. Name the first non metal by its element name, then the second nonmetal by its element name but replace the ending with ide.
2. Use the prefixes to show how many elements are in the molecule
Ex: N2O Dinitrogen Monoxide - Di and Mono
Ex: Dihydrogen Monoxide Di and Mono
Explain Octets in Cations.
A cation happens when an electron is taken from a shell and leaves more protons than electron present. That makes the ion positively charged.
Draw 2 examples of an ionic bond forming
Ms Thomaston I couldnt insert the image so here is a link
1.https://www.thoughtco.com/examples-of-ionic-bonds-and-compounds-603982
2.https://www.britannica.com/science/ionic-bond
Octet rule and covalent bonding.
When atoms create covalent bonds they share atoms in order to create the octet rule.
What is electronegativity?
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/cheminter/chapter/octet-rule/
https://www.thoughtco.com/octet-rule-explanation-in-chemistry-606457
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/trident-boundless-chemistry/chapter/the-ionic-bond/
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/the-covalent-bond/
https://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/bonding/metallic.html
https://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/bonding/electroneg.html
Other sources: Class notes, and Ms.Thomaston teachings
Explain Octets in Anions
An anion happens when there are more electrons than protons. That ion becomes negatively charged.
Explain how valence electrons relate to ionic bonds
Ionic bonds are formed once valence electrons are exchanged between atoms. During the exchange the atoms neutralize there charges.
What are some types of covalent bonds?
There are different type of bonds including: single bonds, double bonds, triple bonds, nonpolar covalent bonds
The trend it follows across a period and down a group/why
Across a period it moves from left to right and increases. This happens because elements on the left side of the table has less valence electrons which makes it easier to lose an electron. On the right side elements have more valence.
For the top to bottom it decreases since the atomic number increases.
Explain some of the structure and properties of ionic compound
1. Don't conduct electricity during solid state but do when in a molten state
2. Have a high boiling point and melting point
Explain some properties of covalent compounds
Some properties include: low melting and boiling points, hard to conduct electricity and heat,
How is bond polarity related to electronegativity?
The polarity of a bond is affected by the electronegativity of the two atoms that are bonding.