States of Matter
occurs because of the collision of gas particles with the walls of the container
gas pressure
P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
boyle's law
bonds between atoms - can be ionic, covalent, or metallic
intramolecular forces
higher in liquids because particles are held together
density
liquid to solid
freezing point
theory that explains the behavior of gases
Kinetic molecular
what is constant in Boyle's law
temperature
weak attractions between molecules
intermolecular focres
requires enormous pressure, produces small volume change
compression
solid to liquid
melting point
as gas particles flow past one another, lighter particles travel more quickly
diffusion
what does temperature need to be in
KELVIN
they are weak forces that result from temporary shifts in the density of electron clouds
Dispersion forces
less fluid than gases
fluidity
solid gas
sublimation
due to the large amount of space between the particles in the gas
low density
what is constant in Charles law
pressure
attractions between oppositely charged regions of polar molecules are called dipole-dipole forces
dipole-dipole forces
stronger the intermolecular forces, thee higher the viscosity, increases with mass, decreases with temperature increase
viscosity
gas to liquid
condensation
gases expand to fill their containers. becomes more dense in a smaller container, less dense in a larger container
compression and expansion
what is the constant in Gay-Lussac's law
volume
a special type of dipole-dipole attraction that occurs between molecules containing hydrogen and either fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen
hydrogen bond
movement up a narrow glass tube, occurs when adhesion is greater than cohesion
capillary action
liquid to gas
evaportation