ORGANIC
What is the chemical name for ordinary alcohol found in alcoholic beverages?
Ethanol (or ethyl alcohol).
What is the chemical formula for common table salt?
NaCl (Sodium chloride)
What classic chemical indicator paper turns red in acidic solutions and blue in basic solutions?
Litmus paper
What are the three standard fundamental states of matter observed in everyday life?
Solid, liquid, and gas
What simple sugar serves as the primary energy source for human cells?
Glucose
What organic compound is the primary component of natural gas used for cooking and heating?
Methane
What red metal, highly prized for electrical wiring, turns green when exposed to moist air over time?
Copper
What term describes the measure of how thick or resistant to flow a liquid is (e.g., honey vs. water)?
Viscosity
Does an endothermic chemical reaction absorb heat from its surroundings or release heat to them?
Absorbs heat
What type of biomolecules are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions inside living cells?
Enzymes
What family of organic compounds gives flowers and fruits their sweet, fruity fragrances?
Esters
What is the main active chemical ingredient in household chlorine bleach?
Sodium hypochlorite {NaClO}
In a titration setup, what name is given to the liquid solution added drop-by-drop from a glass burette?
Titrant
What term describes a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process?
Catalyst
What building blocks link together via peptide bonds to form proteins?
Amino acids
What aromatic hydrocarbon is historically responsible for the characteristic smell of mothballs?
Naphthalene
What is the chemical name for baking soda?
Sodium bicarbonate (sodium hydrogen carbonate, {NaHCO3}
What quantitative property measures a solution's concentration in moles of solute per liter of solution?
Molarity
What physical process causes the scent of perfume to gradually spread across a quiet room without air currents?
Diffusion
What structural carbohydrate provides rigid strength to plant cell walls and forms human dietary fiber?
Cellulose.
What type of chemical bond holds organic molecules together by sharing electron pairs?
Covalent bond
What naturally occurring inorganic mineral compound is the primary component of eggshells, seashells, and limestone?
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
What term describes a insoluble solid that forms and settles out of a liquid solution during a chemical reaction?
Precipitate
Why does adding salt to icy roads prevent water from freezing at 0oC?
Salt lowers the freezing point of water (freezing point depression)
What metabolic process breaks down glucose in the absence of oxygen to produce lactic acid in human muscles or ethanol in yeast?
Fermentation (or anaerobic glycolysis)