Solutions
These mixtures have particles so large that they settle out unless the mixture is constantly stirred and agitated
Suspensions
This is a solid that is formed when two aqueous solutions mix
State if the following substances are acidic or basic
1) a lemon
2) soap
3) water
1) acidic
2) basic
3) neither
What is the molarity of a solution if there are 5 moles of solute and 200 mL of solution?
25M
AgNO3 + NaCl yields AgCl + NaNO3
What is the precipitate?
AgCl is the percipitate
What is the Tyndall Effect and why is it used
The effect causes colloid particles to scatter light and is used to determine if a substance is a colloid and solution
What type of compounds are almost always soluble
Compounds with alkali metals, nitrate, or chlorate
Name the following acids:
1) HCL
2) H3PO3
3) H3PO4
1) Hydrochloric acid
2) Phosphorus acid
3) Phosphoric acid
.75 moles of NaCL and 1 moles of sucrose are each dissolved in the same solvent. Which solute would lower the freezing point more and by how much more?
AgNO3 + NaCl yields AgCl + NaNO3
What is the net ionic equation?
What are the spectator ions?
Ag +Cl yields AgCl
Na and NO3 are spectator ions
What is the molality of a solution and why might it be calculated instead of the molarity of a solution?
Molality is the number of moles of solute over kilograms of solvent. It is used to help calculate colligative properties.
What are colligative properties? state the 4 common colligative properties
Properties that are not determined by the type of atoms. They are instead determined by the concentration of the solution.
Freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, vapor pressure, and osmotic pressure
The conjugate base is weak
The H+ concentration of an acid is 1.0 times 10^-2
what is the pOH of the solution
The pOH is 12
H2SO4 + H2O yields HSO4 + H3O
What types of acids and bases are used in the chemical equation?
Is the acid strong or weak and why?
Arrhenious acids
The acid is strong because H2SO4 dissolves completely in the solution
Henry's law states that partial pressure of a gas is directly proportional with the concentration of a gas in a liquid.
Determine if the following compounds are aqueous or precipitates
1) NaCl
2) KOH
3)CaSO4
1) aqueous
2)aqueous
3) precipitate
What is the difference between an Arrhenius base, Bronsted- Lowry base, and Lewis base
An Arrhenius base gives off OH ions, a Bronsted-Lowry base accepts protons, and a Lewis Base gives an electron pair to form a covalent bond
10.0 moles of a sucrose is dissolved into 500.0g of water. What is the freezing point of the solution? (water's freezing depression constant is 1.86)
-37.2 degrees celsius
NH3 + H2O yields NH4 + OH
What is the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base?
Is the acid and conjugate base strong or weak? why?
H2O is the acid, NH3 is the base, NH4 is the conjugate acid, and OH is the conjugate base
The acid is weak because it does not dissolve completely and the conjugate base is strong because the acid is weak.
State the process of dissolving particles and determine if each step is endothermic or exothermic
1) Seperation of solute particles- endothermic
2) Seperation of solvent particles- endothermic
3) Formation of solute-solvent interaction - exothermic
Does adding a solute increase or decrease the freezing point, boiling point, and vapor pressure of a a pure solvent?
What is the freezing point constant for water?
It lowers the freezing point and raises the boiling point because the vapor pressure is lowered
1.86 degrees celcius
Is water a strong or weak electrolyte? Why?
Water is an extremely weak electrolyte because it has a tiny amount of self ionization that occurs between the two water molecules
Calculater is needed:
.5000 moles of a substance is added to 400.0g of water. What is the new boiling point of the solution?
100.6 degrees celsius
The pH of a substance is 8.6. what is the OH concentration?
2.5 times 10^-9