Nature of Science
What is the difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law?
Scientific theories explain WHY something is occurring; it is based on repeated observations and investigations. Scientific laws summarizes WHAT is occurring, it is based on repeated observations.
What is the difference between a heterogeneous mixture and a homogenous mixture?
A heterogenous mixture is made up of different particles that are not uniformly distributed. A homogenous mixture is made up of different particles that are uniformly distributed.
In the chemical reaction “2H2 + O2 → 2H2O” what is the arrow called?
The arrow is called “yield”
True/False:
Gas always expands to fill the container.
True
What does Boyle’s gas law state?
Volume is indirectly proportional to pressure
What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable?
The independent variable are the variables that change during the experiment. The dependent variable is the variable that was affected by the independent variable (the result of the experiment).
What are valence electrons?
Valence electrons are the electrons that occupy the outermost shell.
What are the five major types of chemical reactions?
Synthesis, Decomposition, Single Displacement, Double displacement, and combustion.
What does the electromagnetic spectrum represent?
The electromagnetic spectrum represents the entire range of light that exists
What is the difference between potential and kinetic energy?
Potential energy is energy stored in an object, kinetic energy is the energy of motion.
The two main types of data are Quantitative and Qualitative data. What is the difference between the two?
Quantitative data are the numbers that were obtained by counting and measuring. Qualitative data are the descriptive characteristics that cannot be measured.
True/false:
Atoms of any particular element always contain the same number of electrons.
False;
Atoms of any particular element always contain the same number of PROTONS
What is the difference between cations and anions?
Cations are atoms that have a positive charge (loss of a negative charge). Anions are atoms that have a negative charge (Gaining a negative charge).
What is the speed of light
C=3 x 10^8 meters/second
True/False:
the lower the object, the more potential energy it has.
False;
The HIGHER the object, the more potential energy it has.
What does the mnemonic device, “Kids Have Ducked Under Desks Converting Metrics,” stand for?
Kilo-, Hecto-, Deca-, Liter/gram/meter (base Unit), Deci-, Centi-, Milli-
(The International System of Units)
What is the difference between a pure substance and a mixture?
A pure substance is made up of all the same types of particles. On the other hand, a mixture is a mixture of two or more substances that are mixed but not reacted with each other.
What does the Octet Rule state?
The octet rule states that in order for atoms to achieve stable electron configuration they must have 8 valence electrons.
What does the electromagnetic spectrum consist of (Hint - there are 7)?
It consists of Gamma Rays, X-rays, Ultraviolet, visible light, Infrared, microwave, and radio waves.
What is a vacuum?
It is when there is empty space with no particles and no pressure.
What are the steps to the scientific method?
Observing and asking a question
Inferring and Forming a hypothesis
Designing a controlled experiment
Collecting and analyzing Data
Interpreting Data and Drawing conclusions
What is the difference between a solvent and a solute?
The solvent does the dissolving and the solute is being dissolved by the solvent.
True/False:
Covalent bonds are formed by transferring electrons between atoms.
False;
Covalent bonds are formed between atoms held together by SHARING electrons.
What is the Kinetic Theory of Gases?
The kinetic Theory of Gases is based upon the idea that all matter is made of particles in constant motion
What does Avogadro’s hypothesis state?
Avogadro's hypothesis states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules.