Periodic Table History
How did Mendeleev arrange his periodic table?
By increasing atomic mass
What period and group is copernicium in?
period 7, group 12
Define electronegativity.
An atom's attraction between its nucleus and valence electrons.
What is the family name of the group 2 elements? What is one characteristic they share?
Alkaline earth metals
They all have 2 valence electrons, they are metals
Which family usually forms +1 ions?
Alkali metals
What is periodicity?
Pattern of characteristics among arranged elements
In group 15, which elements are metals, nonmetals, and metalloids?
Metals: bismuth, ununpentium
Nonmetals: oxygen, sulfur, selenium
Metalloid: tellurium
Compare how ionic radius and atomic radius change on the periodic table.
Ionic radius is generally greater on the far ends of the periodic table, and from top to bottom.
What family do the following elements belong to?
arsenic, cesium, astatine, xenon
nitrogen family
alkali metals
halogens
noble gases
Which family is the most electronegative?
Halogens
Who was the scientist that first discovered periodicity among the elements?
Johann Dobereiner
What element is in group 1, and is a nonmetal?
What element is in period 5, group 15 and what is its classification?
What classification is the element in period 6, group 15?
Hydrogen
antimony
bismuth, metal
Put it order of least to greatest ionization energy.
radium, tin, krypton, cobalt, tantalum
radium < tantalum < cobalt < tin < krypton
Which elements are in group 15, and are considered post-transition metals?
bismuth, ununpentium
What families does hydrogen share similarities in properties with?
Alkali metals and halogens
What is the difference between the periodic law and the modern periodic law?
Periodic law is periodicity by ascending atomic mass, modern periodic law is periodicity by ascending atomic number
Gadolinium may be specifically classified as what type of metal?
Transition metal in the lanthanide series
Put in order of greatest to least electronegativity.
strontium, bromine, zirconium, oxygen
oxygen > bromine > zirconium > strontium
Which 2 families are the most reactive on the periodic table? Why?
alkali earth metals, halogens
They are both 1 electron away from a full outer shell
What family has the greatest ionization energy?
What family has no electron affinity?
Who was the scientist responsible for the creation of the modern periodic law? What did he discover that led to this creation?
Henry Moseley, discovered the ability to count proton number
Compare and contrast the chemical and physical properties of metals and metalloids.
Metals: shiny, dense, good conductors of heat & electricity, hard, malleable, ductile
Metalloids: shiny, dense, poor to good conductors of heat & electricity, semiconductors
Which one has the largest atomic radius and the greatest electron affinity?
sulfur, astatine, tungsten, chlorine
Astatine
Which families contain the most types of elements?
Oxygen family, nitrogen family, carbon family
What is the least reactive family, and why?
Noble gases, because they have 8 valence electrons--full outer shells