Periodic Table
How are the elements in the periodic table organized?
By their atomic number
Which group is the least reactive?
Group 8 - noble gases
How does an atom become an cation?
It loses electrons
What is the difference between a physical and chemical change?
Physical changes only affect the physical appearance/state of matter of the original substance and no new substances are created, whereas chemical changes affect the chemical composition of the original substance and new substances are created, and clues are left behind (light, heat, colour change, formation of precipitate, gas, etc)
What colour is liquid oxygen?
Blue 💙🩵
How many neutrons does Tungsten have?
110 neutrons
Which is the most reactive?
Group 7 - halogens
What is the difference between an ionic and covalent bond?
Ionic bonds are between a metal and a non-metal (giving/taking electrons), covalent bonds are between multiple non-metals (sharing electrons)
You go into a coffee shop and as you're about to pay, you realize you accidentally forgot your wallet at home. Unexpectedly, a stranger offers to pay for you. They end up being the love of your life and you live together forever and ever. Once separate, now, inseparable. What type of reaction would this be?
Synthesis
What is Avogadro’s constant (🥑)?
6.022 x 1023 mol
What are metalloids?
Metalloids are elements that possess characteristics of both metals and non-metals
What does the group number tell you about a group?
The amount of valence electrons the element has
What happens to electrons during a covalent bond?
Electrons are shared
Give an example of a combustion reaction
Varies (driving car, camping bonfires, etc)
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine triphosphate
Why does the chemical reactivity of alkali metals increase as you move down Group 1 from lithium to cesium?
As you move down a group, elements have more electron shells and there is more repulsion between the electrons. They are held less tightly
This group name comes from Greek words meaning "salt-former," because they react with metals to produce salts.
Group 7 - Halogens
What is the octet rule?
Atoms must have a full valence shell composed of 8 electrons
What type of reaction is the following: HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
Neutralization (also double displacement)
Which isotope of carbon is used for dating organic archeological samples?
Carbon-14
Which of the following has a larger atomic radius: a nitrogen atom, or a nitrogen anion?
A nitrogen anion
As you look at a group from the top element to the bottom element, this physical property increases because you are adding more electron shells.
Atomic radius/shell
What is the difference between alkanes and alkenes?
Alkanes are saturated single carbon-carbon bonds, alkenes are unsaturated and must have at least one double bond
Balance the following reaction: __NaF → __Na + F2
2NaF → 2Na + F2
What’s the only letter that doesn’t appear on the periodic table?
J