Chemistry Pt. 1
How are elements similar to those in the same group on the periodic table?
a. They have the same number of valence electrons
b. They have the same number of electrons
c. They have the same number of protons
d. They have the same atomic mass
A. They have the same number of valence electrons
Which best represents a balanced equation?
a. HgO → Hg + O2
b. 2Fe + O2 → Fe2O3
c. 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
C. 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
A heavily wooded area needs additional solar collectors to meet energy demand. Which statement describes a possible environmental consequence of adding these collectors?
a. The amount of air pollution will increase
b. The amount of water water pollution will increase
c. More trees will need to be planted to insulate the solar collectors
d. Trees will need to be cleared for the solar collectors to work efficiently
D. Trees will need to be cleared for the solar collectors to work efficiently
Why does oil take so long to form in nature?
a. The life cycle of the organisms that are fossilize into oil takes millions of years.
b. The process of burying remains under deep sediment takes millions of years
c. The reactions that change biochemicals to shale take millions of years
d. The reactions that change shale to oil take millions of years
B. The process of burying remains under deep sediment takes millions of years
How are plant cells and human cells different?
a. Human cells need food, but plant cells do not
b. Human cells need energy, but plant cells do not
c. Plant cells make their own food, but human cells do not
d. Plant cells make their own energy, but human cells do not
C. Plant cells make their own food, but human cells do not
Which choice best describes the properties of potassium (K), based on its position in the periodic table?
a. A nonreactive metal
b. A highly reactive metal
c. A nonreactive nonmetal
d. A highly reactive nonmetal
B. A highly reactive metal
Which is best represented by the equation?
2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
a. Law of Conservation of Energy
b. Law of Conservation of Mass
c. Law of Superposition
B. Law of Conservation of Mass
Which statement describes air pollution around the world?
a. Air pollution is a problem in every part of the world
b. Air pollution is only a problem in some areas of the world
c. Air pollution is only a problem in countries with many volcanoes
d. Air pollution is a problem in countries with industry and large populations.
D. Air pollution is a problem in countries with industry and large populations.
Which of the following is a renewable resource?
a. Coal
b. Minerals
c. Petroleum
d. Sunlight
D. Sunlight
How are plant cells and human cells the same?
a. They can produce their own oxygen
b. They make their own food from sunlight
c. They can receive nutrients through the cell wall
d. They use mitochondria to release energy from sugars
D. They use mitochondria to release energy from sugars
A student passes a magnet over 10 grams of a powder. Four grams of the powder stick to the magnet, while 6 grams do not. Which of these identifies the substance?
a. Element
b. Compound
c. Mixture
d. Solution
C. Mixture
A scientist placed a sample of lithium into a container of water. The scientist observed the lithium floating and making a buzzing sound as gas bubbles were forming around it. Which conclusion is BEST supported by this observation?
a. A chemical change took place
b. The lithium was dissolved by the water
c. Dissolved gases were released
d. Water was vaporized
A. A chemical change took place
Wind is becoming more common as a source of energy. Wind farms require large open spaces for the wind turbines. A negative consequence of this technology is wind turbines
a. Are an inexpensive source of energy
b. Cause little pollution to the environment
c. May hurt the flying animals in the area
d. Are a renewable source of energy
C. May hurt the flying animals in the area
Oil used to lubricate automobile engines is not biodegradable. What is the BEST way of disposing of this used oil?
a. Pour it down the drain so it can go to the water recycling plant
b. Use it to paint a wooden fence to make it waste repellant
c. Take it to the local automotive parts store to be recycled
d. Put it on the weeds in a park to kill the weeds
C. Take it to the local automotive parts store to be recycled
Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have small, free-floating organelles. The cell makes these organelles from nucleic acids and amino acids found in food. Without these organelles, the cell could not make proteins. What are these organelles called?
a. Chloroplasts
b. Mitochondria
c. Ribosomes
d. vesicles
C. Ribosomes
What number and types of atoms occur in a formula unit of Ca(NO3)2?
a. 1 carbon atom, 1 neon atom and 6 oxygen atoms
b. 1 calcium atom, 2 neon atoms, and 3 oxygen atoms
c. 1 carbon atom, 1 nitrogen atom, and 3 oxygen atoms
d. 1 calcium atom, 2 nitrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms
D. 1 calcium atom, 2 nitrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms
As part of a study, a scientist observed a number of different molecular changes in matter. Which of the following observations provides evidence of a physical change?
a. Using heat to burn a log in a fireplace
b. Using light to produce sugar in plants
c. A cake that was baked from many ingredients
d. A bottle that was broken into many small pieces
D. A bottle that was broken into many small pieces
What human activity will help decrease air pollution?
a. Burning crops
b. Driving a hybrid
c. Burning household garbage
d. Using coal to produce energy
B. Driving a hybrid
Which of these is an environmental benefit of converting to solar energy?
a. A decrease in air pollution
b. An increase in the cost of energy
c. An increase in the use of fossil fuels
d. A decrease in electrical energy production
A. A decrease in air pollution
One thing that all human cells have in common is that they
a. Control the brain
b. Make food
c. Move blood
d. Take in energy
D. Take in energy
Since sodium chloride is classified as a compound as a compound, a sample of it contains
a. Atoms that are gases, liquids, and solids
b. More than one kind of atom
c. Matter that cannot be reduced to atoms
d. A solution of atoms and molecules
B. More than one kind of atom
A beaker contains a sample of water with a mass of 325 grams. The water in the beaker is boiled and weighed again after it cools. The new mass of the water is 305 grams. In this example of the conservation of matter in physical changes,
a. The mass is less after it cools because water has less mass as a gas
b. The mass of the water was 305 grams and the mass of the water vapor was 20 grams
c. The process of boiling destroyed 20 grams of the water and left 305 grams of water
d. The heat energy created by boiling water makes up the rest of the mass
B. The mass of the water was 305 grams and the mass of the water vapor was 20 grams
Gaseous sulfur dioxide is a compound that combines with water in the atmosphere to form acid rain. What is the primary source of sulfur dioxide?
a. Volcanic emissions
b. Combustion of fossil fuels
c. Destruction of tropical forests
d. Mining and mineral extraction
B. Combustion of fossil fuels
Swamp plants die, fall to the ground, and are buried by other dying plants. Approximately how long would it take for plants to possibly become a fossil fuel?
a. 1,000,000 years
b. 100,000 years
c. 10,000 years
d. 1,000 years
A. 1,000,000 years
Why is a healthy diet important?
a. It maintains a constant body temperature
b. It prevents damage to internal organs
c. It makes oxygen for all the cells in the body
d. It supplies the body’s needs for growth and energy
D. It supplies the body’s needs for growth and energy