Periodic Trends
Which trend describes atomic size?
What is atomic radius?
What force of attraction exists between positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons?
What is Coulombic attraction?
What type of ion forms when an atom loses one or more electrons and becomes positively charged?
What is a cation?
Name FeCl₃.
What is sodium oxide?
Name CO₂.
What is carbon dioxide?
In which direction on the periodic table does atomic radius generally increase?
What is down a group and to the left across a period?
What is the name for the effect in which inner electrons reduce the attraction between the nucleus and outer electrons?
What is electron shielding?
When a neutral chlorine atom gains one electron, what charge does it acquire, and what is the resulting ion called?
What is a −1 charge, forming a chloride ion?
Name Ca(NO₃)₂.
What is calcium nitrate?
Name N₂O₄.
dinitrogen tetroxide?
Which element has the greater first ionization energy, lithium (Li) or fluorine (F)?
What is fluorine (F)?
Across a period, the number of protons increases while shielding generally changes relatively little. What happens to the effective nuclear charge experienced by the valence electrons?
What is that it generally increases?
An atom has 12 protons and 10 electrons. What is its charge, and what type of ion is it?
What is a +2 charge, making it a cation?
Name Cu₂S.
What is copper(I) sulfide?
Name PCl₃.
What is phosphorus trichloride?
Rank sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), and chlorine (Cl) from largest to smallest atomic radius.
What is Na > Mg > Cl?
Why does first ionization energy generally decrease as you move down a group?
What is that outer electrons are farther from the nucleus and experience greater shielding, weakening the nucleus's attraction to them?
What is the name of the anion formed when a neutral sulfur atom gains two electrons?
What is the sulfide ion (S²⁻)?
Name Co(ClO₃)₃.
What is cobalt(III) chlorate?
Name N₂O₅.
What is dinitrogen pentoxide?
Rank barium (Ba), iron (Fe), and bromine (Br) from lowest to highest electronegativity, using the trend-based comparison from class.
What is Ba < Fe < Br?
As you move left to right across a period, atomic radius generally decreases. Explain this trend using protons, shielding, and Coulombic attraction.
What is that the number of protons increases while shielding changes relatively little, increasing effective nuclear attraction and pulling the electrons closer to the nucleus?
A calcium atom loses two electrons, while an oxygen atom gains two electrons. Identify each resulting ion, including its name, symbol, and charge.
What are the calcium ion (Ca²⁺) and the oxide ion (O²⁻)?
Name NH₄HCO₃.
What is ammonium hydrogen carbonate (ammonium bicarbonate)?
Name P₄O₁₀.
What is tetraphosphorus decoxide?