Covalent Compounds
what is a Covalent Compound?
A Covalent Compound is a molecule formed by covalent bonds, in which the atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons.
What is an Ionic Compound?
an Iconic Compound composed of ions held together by electrostatic forces termed ionic bonding
what are the types of chemical reactions?
there are 5 types of chemical reactions:
1)Synthesis
2)Decomposition
3)Single-Replacement
4)Double-Replacement
5)Combustion
what in a balanced equation indicates the number of moles?
the coefficient indicates the number of moles of each reactant in the equation.
what is a synthesis reaction?
synthesis reactions are reactions that occur when two different atoms or molecules interact to form a different molecule or compound.
what makes Covalent Compounds?
Covalent Compounds are made when two or more nonmetal atoms bond by sharing valence electrons.
what makes an Ionic Compound?
A metal + nonmetal = Ionic compound
Cation + Anion = Ionic compound
(+) ion + (-) ion = Ionic compound
what is a redox reaction?
Redox reactions are reactions that involve the transfer of electrons between reactants.
how many hydrogen atoms are in this chemical formula-2H2O?
4 Hydrogen atoms
what is a single replacement reaction?
a single replacement reaction is a chemical reaction in which one element is substituted for another element in a compound
do Covalent Compounds have high melting/boiling points?
vary widely, but are significantly lower than those of ionic compounds.
do Ionic compounds have high or low boiling/melting points?
Ionic compounds have high melting point and high boiling points
what are the rules for assigning oxidation numbers?
rule #1-The oxidation number of an element in its free (uncombined) state is zero
rule #2-The oxidation number of a monatomic (one-atom) ion is the same as the charge on the ion
rule #3-The sum of all oxidation numbers in a neutral compound is zero. The sum of all oxidation numbers in a polyatomic (many-atom) ion is equal to the charge on the ion.
rule #4- The oxidation number of fluorine is always –1. Chlorine, bromine, and iodine usually have an oxidation number of –1, unless they’re in combination with oxygen or fluorine.
rule #5-The oxidation state of hydrogen in a compound is usually +1
rule #6-sandwiched elements get assigned last.
What is the left part of a chemical equation called?
the Reactants
what are the states of covalent compounds?
many of covalent compounds are gasses at room temperature, although they can be solids, liquids, or gasses.
are they good insulators?
they are good insulators
when does a chemical change occur?
A Chemical Change happens when one chemical substance is transformed into one or more different substances.
what is the right side of the chemical equation called?
the products
what is a lewis structure(E-dot)?
E-dot diagrams are representations of the valence electrons of an atom that uses dots around the symbol of the element.
what are the properties of an Ionic compound?
Ionic compounds are generally hard although they are brittle are the same time.
How do you balance a chemical equation?
1)Start by listing all of the elements involved
2)next list the number of each element for the reactant side
3)then list the number of each element for the product side
4)if the numbers match, the equation is balanced
5)if the numbers do not match, you must change a coefficient
6)modify the list to match the changes you made
7)Continue the process until all numbers match.
in what kind of change does a substance change into a different change?
chemical change