Atomic Structure
What is the nucleus?
The center of the atom containing protons and neutrons.
: What are valence electrons?
The electrons that occupy the outermost shells of an atom.
Elements in the same group have similar properties because they have the same number of these.
What is an ionic bond?
A bond formed when electrons are transferred from a metal to a non metal.
What is conservation of mass?
During a chemical reaction, atoms are rearranged but not created or destroyed.
What is STP?
Standard Temperature and Pressure
What is an electron?
The subatomic particle with a negative charge.
What are alkali metals?
Group 1 metals such as lithium and sodium belong to this family.
What is a covalent bond?
A bond formed when two non metals share electrons.
What are coefficients?
The numbers placed in front of formulas to balance a chemical equation.
What is standard temperature and pressure?
273 K and 1 atm
What are the number of protons
The atomic number tells this.
What is the relationship between atomic radius and electronegativity?
As electronegativity increases atomic radius decreases
As electronegativity decreases atomic radius increases
What are mobile ions?
Ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water because they produce these.
What is exothermic?
A reaction that releases heat energy to the surroundings.
If Pressure remains constant and temperature increases, will volume increase or decrease?
volume increases
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
What are the charges (oxidation #) number of magnesium and calcium)
+2
What are intermolecular forces?
Forces of attraction between particles
A substance with a high melting point usually has strong attraction between and high intermolecular forces.
Why does increasing temperature increase reaction rate?
Increasing temperature usually increases reaction rate because particles gain Kinetics and move faster resulting in more effective collisions
What is the equation used to calculate heat gained or lost by a substance?
q = mcΔT
What is an electron / beta particle?
In beta decay, this particle is emitted from the nucleus.
Which element is most electronegative?
Fluorine
Why can metals conduct electricity?
r: Metals conduct electricity because their electrons are free to move. These electrons are called delocalized electrons.
What is activation energy?
The energy needed for a reaction to start
What is calculated by dividing moles of solute by liters of solution
Molarity