Atomic Structure
What are the 3 subatomic particles that make up an atom? Include the location of each.
Proton - nucleus
Neutron - nucleus
Electron - orbit/shells
Define what an ion is, including what subatomic particle is involved in ion formation.
An ion is a charged atom which has lost or gained electrons.
What is an indicator? Include one example.
It changes colour in the presence of an acid or a base. Litmus paper or UI.
What is the general equation for a neutralisation reaction?
Acid + Base --> salt + water
What are 2 things that the group number tells us on the periodic table.
How many valence electrons there are
Elements in the same group have simiar properties
What is the electron configuration for Potassium (K)
2,8,8,1
Is an Iodine ion an anion or a cation. What would be its ionic symbol?
Iodine is in group 7 therefore gains 1 negatively charged electron and becomes an anion and its symbol is I-
Why do acids and bases react with each other?
An acid wants to donate hydrogen and a base is a hydrogen acceptor.
An acid + a metal gives you salt and
hydrogen gas
What does the row (period) number tell us when drawing an atom/doing electron configuration?
It tells us how many electron shells to draw around the nucleus
What is the formula to determine the amount of electrons that can be found on each subshell?
2 x n2
Write the ionic compound of magnesium oxide
MgO
Outline 3 properties of acids and 3 properties of bases
Acids: react easily with metals, taste sour, contian at least 1 H+, lower than 7 on pH scale
Bases: feel slippery, taste bitter, release OH- ions in water, are greater than 7 on pH scale
Reactions with hydrochloric acid produces ________
chlorides
Do endothermic or exothermic reactions require more activation energy to break the bonds within the reactants? (100) Explain why? (200)
Endothermic
Because in an endothermic reaction the energy of the products are higher than the energy of the reactants.
Atoms are uncharged pieces of matter. Use this statement to explain why the number of protons and electrons would be the same for an atom.
protons are positively charged, and it tells us the atomic number. in an element, there are equal amounts of protons and electrons. Electrons are negatively charged so if there are equal numbers of both positive and negative charges, then an atom would have a neutral net charge.
Write the ionic compound of Aliminium bromide
AlBr3
Complete the following equation in words.
HCl + NaOH -->
Sodium chloride + water
Define accuracy and precision.
Accuracy is how close the measurements are to the true value
Precision is how close repeated measurements are to one another and can only be determined through multiple trials
Write the electron configuration of Krypton (Kr).
2,8,18,8
Complete the chemical equation for the following reaction (does not need to be balanced)
Sulfuric Acid + Sodium Carbonate -->
---> NaSO4 + H2O + CO2