Cognitive Development
What Piagetian stage would the child be in:
The child is able to think abstractly about future possibilities
Formal Operational Stage
A musician learns a piece of piano music. A few months later, they sit down and play the piece from memory, without consciously thinking of the notes.
What kind of memory is this? (implicit or explicit)
Implicit memory
Negative Affectivity
Children move through Piaget's stages by adjusting their cognitive schemes to reach equilibrium
Say a child has a scheme for patting their pet dog. One day, they encounter a new animal, a cat, and the apply their scheme for patting to the new animal.
What aspect of equilibration does this represent?
Assimilation
What kind of attention is involved with maintaining focus on a task for an extended period of time?
Sustained attention
Which theory of intelligence suggests that we are born with a level of intelligence and this doesn't change much over time?
Entity
Which theory of language acquisition suggests that we are born with an innate capacity for learning language?
Nativism
What term regarding the self refers to a global evaluation of the self?
self esteem
An infant watches as a ball rolls behind a screen. When the screen is lifted, the ball appears to have magically passed through a solid wall. The infant looks longer at this unexpected event than they would at an expcted event. What is this phenomenon, commonly used in infant research?
Violation of Expectation
What skill involves awareness of your own mental processes and mental processes of others, for example assessing other people's emotions, or understanding the possibility of false beliefs?
Theory of Mind
What is the name of the first IQ test, which was developed to help identify kids who needed extra learning support in school?
The Stanford Binet test (or just Binet test)
What component of language involves understanding how we put words in order to make acceptable phrases and sentences?
Syntax
A child tells their parent they feel nervous about starting a new school, and their parent says "Don't be nervous, just stop thinking about that"
What kind of parenting style regarding emotions is this?
Emotion Dismissing
What was Vygotsky's term for the range of skills that a child can't yet do on their own, but would be able to do with help and guidance from an adult or skilled peer?
Zone of Proximal Development
A child sees a classroom and expects to find desks, chairs, a teacher, and a whiteboard because these fit their existing mental framework of what a classroom looks like.
What memory theory does this show?
Schema theory
What is the name of the trend which has shown that average intelligence levels increased substantially across the 1900s?
Flynn effect
One of the most effective approaches to teaching reading involves helping children to match letters to the sounds they make. What is this approach called?
Phonics approach
Reflexive
A child starts to be able to put objects in order based on size. What skill is this, and in which of Piaget's stages is this skill typically developed?
Seriation
Concrete Operational
What term refers to the following:
Neurons are coated with a fatty substance, which makes information processing more efficient
myelination
Expanding