Chromatography Basics
This is the purpose of chromatography
What is separating mixture components?
These compounds are best separated using gas chromatography
What are volatile compounds?
This is the mobile phase used in LC
What is a liquid solvent?
This field uses liquid chromatography to quantify active pharmaceutical ingredients and impurities
What is pharmaceutical analysis?
Measurement that allows LC-MS to differentiate analytes when their chromatographic peaks overlap
What is mass-to-charge ratio?
These are the two phases found in every chromatography technique
What are the stationary and mobile phases?
This is the mobile phase used in GC
What is a carrier gas?
This type of elution uses a consistent mobile phase composition
What is isocratic elution?
Field that uses GC-MS to identify drugs and toxins in biological samples
What is forensic toxicology?
Useful ionization method in GC-MS for library matching, as it produces very reproducible fragmentation patterns
What is electron ionization?
A sample that produced only one peak is likely this
What is a pure substance?
This process has to occur before a sample enters the GC column
What is vaporization?
This is the most common stationary phase used in HPLC
What is a C18 column?
This type of analysis uses chromatography to detect pesticide residues in food
What is food safety testing?
This type of chromatogram isolates a specific m/z signal, helping to differentiate compounds with overlapping peaks
What is an extracted ion chromatogram?
A sample that separates into multiple peaks is likely this
What is a mixture?
Most common type of detector used in GC
What is a Flame Ionization Detector?
Phenomenon that causes chromatographic peaks to become wider and not separate well
What is band broadening?
Detecting pesticide residues and other contaminants in drinking water is a common use of chromatography in this field
What is environmental monitoring?
Ionization technique used in LC-MS and considered soft because it does not produce much fragmentation
What is electrospray ionization?
This is the first step in chromatographic analyses
What is sample preparation?
Injection technique commonly used for trace analysis
What is splitless injection?
This term in the Van Deemter equation contributes the most to band broadening in HPLC
What is mass transfer (C term)?
This process uses calibration standards and peak areas to determine the amount of analyte in an unknown sample
What is quantitative analysis?
This technique combines chromatographic separation with tandem mass spectrometry to identify trace analytes in biological samples
What is LC-MS/MS?