structure of the heart
Which chamber of the heart pumps blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery?
Right ventricle
What is the last chamber blood passes through before leaving the heart to circulate through the body?
Left Ventricle
Arteries, Veins & Capillaries
Which side of the heart is responsible for pulmonary circulation?
Right side of the heart
What are the 4 components of blood?
White blood cells, red blood cells, plasma and platelets
What is the purpose of the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle
To allow blood to pass through, but also prevent back flow of blood
True or False: The Pulmonary arteries transport oxygenated blood to the lungs?
False
Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
What are the two closed circuits that circulate blood through the body called?
Pulmonary and Systemic circulation
What is the difference between diastole and systole?
Diastole involves relaxation of the heart, whereas systole involves a contraction of the heart
What is the purpose of the pulmonary arteries and veins?
Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart and veins carry oxygenated blood to the heart.
Describe what happens to stroke volume during exercise and why?
During exercise, your heart rate increases. This is because your muscles need more oxygen and nutrients when you're exercising, so your heart has to pump blood faster to meet this increased demand.
What is the main function of capillaries?
capillaries are a site of exchange for gasses, nutrients and wastes
During systemic circulation, which vein carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart?
Vena Cava
Describe what happens to heart rate during exercise and why?
During exercise, your heart rate increases. This is because your muscles need more oxygen and nutrients when you're exercising, so your heart has to pump blood faster to meet this increased demand.
Describe why the left side of the heart has a thicker wall than the right ventricle
The muscle on the left hand side of the heart, specifically the left ventricular wall, is thicker due the force of the contraction needing to be larger to push blood around the body. The right hand side of the heart forces blood to the lungs, which doesn't require as much force.
Describe what happens to your cardiac output during exercise and why?
Cardiac output is the total amount of blood your heart pumps out per minute. It's calculated by multiplying your heart rate by your stroke volume. During exercise, your cardiac output increases significantly to meet the higher demand for blood and oxygen from your working muscles.
What is Arteriovenous Oxygen difference and what happens to it when you increase activity intensity?
A-VO2 diff is a measure of the levels of oxygen in the arterial blood compared to venous blood. When exercise intensity increases so does the demand for oxygen and therefore the A-VO2 diff becomes greater.
Outline the path of blood flow after it enters the Vena Cava and exits the Aorta using all structures of the heart
Vena Cava, Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Pulmonary Artery, Pulmonary Vein, Left Atrium, Left Ventricle, Aorta
What would you expect to happen to your resting heart rate as a result of a six week aerobic training block and why?
Resting Heart rate would decrease as a result of training because stroke volume would increase.