Unit 1
A legislative structure consisting of a single legislative chamber where all lawmaking and policy decisions are conducted
What is a unicameral legislature?
-4
Sociologist Max Weber defined this type of authority as power that is accepted because it is based on long-standing customs and traditional rules of succession
What is traditional authority?
+6
A form of government in which a religious leader, or leaders, holds political power
Theocracy/Divine Right
-1
This major compromise settled the debate over legislative representation by establishing a bicameral Congress consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives
What is the Great Compromise? (Accept: the Connecticut Compromise)
+5
This French philosopher argued in The Spirit of the Laws that there would be no freedom if the same man or group controlled the legislative, executive, and judicial powers at the same time
Baron de Montesquieu? (Accept: Charles de Montesquieu)
-5
The compromise that settled how enslaved populations would be counted when calculating a state's representation in Congress and direct federal taxation
What is the Three-Fifths Compromise?
-4
Signed in 1689, this historic document guaranteed individual rights to English citizens, including a ban on excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishments, as well as protecting free speech in Parliament
What is the English Bill of Rights?
-9
Under the U.S. Constitution, this is the supermajority of states required to officially ratify a new constitutional amendment
What is three-fourths (3/4)?
+6
This oldest delegate at the Constitutional Convention admitted he was unhappy with parts of the document but signed it because he "doubted anyone could make a better Constitution
Who is Benjamin Franklin?
-9
How many amendments are there to the U.S. Constitution?
There are 27 amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
+2
Due to the exclusion of women, children, metics (foreigners), and enslaved laborers, this was the exact percentage of the total Athenian population that actually possessed the right to vote
What is twelve percent (12%)?
+4
The delegate from Virginia who authored the Virginia Plan—the primary blueprint for the Constitution—earning him the title "Father of the Constitution
Who is James Madison?
+3
This specific 1787 Anti-Federalist essay warned that in an extensive republic, the great officers of government would soon become above the control of the people and abuse their power
What is Brutus No. 1? (Accept: Brutus I)
+3
This prominent Athenian general delivered a famous "Funeral Oration" claiming that the city's constitution was a democracy because its administration favored the many instead of the few
Who is Pericles?
-2
America's first constitution, under which the national government was weak, decentralized, and lacked the authority to raise taxes, regulate trade, or enforce laws
What are the Articles of Confederation?
-2
This system provides constitutional methods—such as the presidential veto or judicial review—allowing different branches of government to actively limit each other's powers
What are checks and balances?
-5
A system of representative democracy where voters have the power to directly elect both the legislative branch and the chief executive (the head of government)
What is a presidential system?
+3
A government structure where significant political power is concentrated entirely at the central or national level, making regional governments dependent on it
What is a unitary system?
+2
The more you take away from me, the bigger I become.
What am I?
A hole
+7
This New York delegate led the call to replace the Articles of Confederation and strongly advocated for a powerful national government to pay off war debts and secure the state
Who is Alexander Hamilton?
+2
In his famous 1651 work The Leviathan, he argued that without a strong central government, human life would devolve into a miserable condition of war where everyone is an enemy
Thomas Hobbes
+6
The annual accountability process where Athenian citizens wrote the name of a suspected threat to democracy on a pottery fragment to exile them from the city-state for 10 years
What is ostracism?
+8
Name the 3 branches of government and what they do.
Legislative - Makes Laws
Executive - Enforces Laws
Judicial - Interprets Laws
-6
Signed in 1215, this written legal agreement established the principle of due process and protected freemen from being seized or imprisoned without the lawful judgment of their equal
What is the Magna Carta?
-1
The vertical division of political power under the U.S. Constitution, which shares authority between the national federal government and individual state governments
What is federalism?
+1