Enlightenment and Revolution
This Enlightenment idea says people are born with rights like life, liberty, and property.
What are natural rights?
This principle means government power is divided between national and state governments
What is federalism?
This compromise counted enslaved people as 3/5 of a person for representation.
What is the 3/5 Compromise?
Rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution are called this.
What are civil liberties?
Examining where a source came from is called this.
What is sourcing?
This philosopher argued government exists to protect natural rights and can be overthrown if it fails.
Who is John Locke?
This principle means no one, including leaders, is above the law.
What is rule of law?
These supporters of the Constitution favored a strong central government.
Who are the Federalists?
Participating in government and community is called this.
What is civic participation?
A first-hand account from the past is this type of source.
What is a primary source?
This Enlightenment thinker argued people are naturally selfish and need strong government for order.
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
This term describes government authority coming from the people.
What is popular sovereignty?
Compare Federalist and Anti-Federalist views on government power.
Federalists wanted stronger national government; Anti-Federalists feared tyranny and wanted stronger states
These opponents feared too much national power.
Who are the Anti-Federalists?
This event showed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
What is Shay’s Rebellion?
This early self-government agreement was signed aboard a ship in 1620.
What is the Mayflower Compact?
Compare a republic and a direct democracy.
Republic = elected representatives; direct democracy = citizens vote directly on laws.
This compromise created two houses of Congress.
What is the Great Compromise?
Explain how American democracy has been a “work in progress.”
Rights expanded over time through amendments, laws, and social movements.
Explain why evaluating sources is important in civics.
Helps determine credibility, bias, and accuracy of information.
Explain how Enlightenment ideas influenced the Declaration of Independence.
The Declaration reflects natural rights, social contract, and consent of the governed.
Explain how checks and balances protect against tyranny
Each branch can limit the others, preventing one branch from gaining too much power.
Explain why the Articles of Confederation failed.
Weak central government, no taxation power, no strong executive, no national army.
Explain why the Bill of Rights was necessary for ratification.
Anti-Federalists wanted protections for individual freedoms.
Compare the Magna Carta and the Declaration of Independence.
Both limit government power and assert rights; Magna Carta limited a king, Declaration justified independence.