Bill of Rights
This amendment protects freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.
What is the First Amendment?
This case established the "clear and present danger" test to limit free speech.
What is Schenck v. United States?
This amendment provides equal protection under the law to all citizens.
What is the 14th Amendment?
The 14th Amendment contains these two clauses essential to civil rights and liberties.
What are the Due Process Clause and Equal Protection Clause?
Wearing armbands in protest was ruled as protected symbolic speech in this case.
What is Tinker v. Des Moines?
The Fourth Amendment protects citizens from this type of search.
What is an unreasonable search and seizure?
In Miranda v. Arizona, the Court ruled that police must do this when arresting suspects.
What is inform them of their rights (Miranda Rights)?
The Supreme Court used this clause to strike down racial segregation in Brown v. Board of Education.
What is the Equal Protection Clause?
This legal doctrine applies the Bill of Rights to the states through the 14th Amendment.
What is selective incorporation?
Government action preventing publication before it occurs is known as this.
What is prior restraint?
The right to remain silent and protection from self-incrimination comes from this amendment.
What is the Fifth Amendment?
This case applied the exclusionary rule to the states, stating that illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court.
What is Mapp v. Ohio?
The Establishment Clause of the First Amendment prevents the government from doing this.
What is establishing an official religion?
The Supreme Court ruled in Planned Parenthood v. Casey that states can regulate abortion as long as they do not create this type of burden.
What is an undue burden?
The "clear and present danger" test was later replaced by this test in Brandenburg v. Ohio.
What is the imminent lawless action test?
The Tenth Amendment reserves powers not given to the federal government to these two entities.
What are the states and the people?
The Supreme Court ruled that flag burning is protected symbolic speech in this case.
What is Texas v. Johnson?
This case ruled that school-sponsored prayer is unconstitutional.
What is Engel v. Vitale?
This clause protects individuals from state actions that infringe upon life, liberty, or property without fair legal procedures.
What is the Due Process Clause?
This type of unprotected speech involves false statements that harm a person's reputation.
What are libel and slander?
The Eighth Amendment prohibits these two forms of excessive government punishment.
What are cruel and unusual punishment and excessive bail?
This 2010 case applied the Second Amendment to the states using selective incorporation.
What is McDonald v. Chicago?
Gideon v. Wainwright ensured this fundamental right for felony defendants in state courts.
What is the right to an attorney?
In Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court ruled that the right to this was implied by the Due Process Clause.
What is privacy?
This Supreme Court case set the standard for defining obscenity.
What is Miller v. California?