Civil Liberties Foundations
This amendment contains the freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.
What is the First Amendment?
This clause prevents government from officially sponsoring or promoting a religion.
What is the Establishment Clause?
For a statement to qualify as libel or slander, it must be false and communicated with this kind of intent.
What is malicious intent?
This amendment protects people against unreasonable searches and seizures.
What is the Fourth Amendment?
Police generally need this reasonable basis to arrest someone for a crime.
What is probable cause?
This amendment abolished slavery in the United States.
What is the Thirteenth Amendment?
This clause protects a person's right to practice their religious beliefs how they see fit.
What is the Free Exercise Clause?
This is the strongest defense against an accusation of libel or slander.
What is truth?
This amendment protects the right to keep and bear arms.
What is the Second Amendment?
This writ protects a person from imprisonment without just cause by requiring the government to justify the detention.
What is a writ of habeas corpus?
This amendment prevents state governments from depriving people of life, liberty, or property without due process.
What is the Fourteenth Amendment?
A public school uses tax money to purchase devotional materials for use during mandatory worship. This clause is most directly implicated.
What is the Establishment Clause?
A judge refuses to block a newspaper from publishing an embarrassing investigation before the article appears. The refusal protects against this form of censorship.
What is prior restraint?
Officials suspend a student's public-school privileges without notice or an opportunity to respond. This type of due process is at issue.
What is procedural due process?
In a federal criminal case, this group decides whether enough evidence exists to indict the accused.
What is a grand jury?
This process uses the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause to apply essential Bill of Rights protections to the states.
What is incorporation?
A city enforces a neutral fire-safety code against every building, including a church that claims a religious reason for exceeding occupancy limits. This clause is involved.
What is the Free Exercise Clause?
A city may regulate the time, place, and manner of a peaceful protest, but it generally may not regulate this aspect of the protester's message.
What is content?
A town passes a law requiring every resident to obtain permission before leaving home on weekends. The law itself threatens this type of due process.
What is substantive due process?
After making an arrest, police must inform a suspect of the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney before questioning. These warnings are called this.
What are Miranda rights?
Individual liberties are not unlimited because one person's rights must be balanced against other people's rights and this broader concern.
What is the public good?
The First Amendment's religion provisions are often described as creating this boundary between government and religious institutions.
What is the wall of separation between church and state?
Residents form an organization to advocate for lower property taxes. Their implied right to join together for that cause is this freedom.
What is freedom of association?
Police enter a locked apartment without a warrant or valid exception and seize evidence. This rule may prevent prosecutors from using that evidence in court.
What is the exclusionary rule?
After a defendant is acquitted, the same government attempts to prosecute that person again for the identical offense. This Fifth Amendment protection applies.
What is protection against double jeopardy?