Civil Rights Leaders
Who directed the March on Washington movement to end employment discrimination?
Philip Randolph
group of 9 African American high-school students who challenged racial segregation in the public schools of Little Rock
The Little Rock Nine
established racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional
Brown v. Board of Education
He urged his fellow Black Americans to protect themselves against white aggression “by any means necessary,”
MalcomX
Who increased the budget of the National Urban League and created thousands of new jobs for African Americans?
Whitney Young
they sat where African Americans weren't allowed to sit. They did this to take a stand against segregation.
The Greensboro Four
Made it unconstitutional for transportation facilities like bus and train stations to be racially segregated
Bailey v. Patterson (1962)
refused to vacate a seat on a bus in favor of a white passenger in Montgomery, Alabama
Rosa Parks
Who co-founded the Congress of Racial Equality ?
James Farmer
challenged segregation on interstate buses and bus terminals.
Freedom Rides
Court held that the Fourteenth Amendment prohibits governments from discriminating against individuals on the basis of race
Loving v. Virginia (1967)
A prominent civil rights activist who became the first president of the Southern Poverty Law Center
Julian Bond
Whose adoption of nonviolent resistance to achieve equal rights for Black Americans earned him the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964?
Martin Luther King Jr.
helped initiate the civil rights movement in the United States when she refused to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery, Alabama bus
Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycot
abolished slavery and declared all persons born in the United States to be citizens of the United States.
Scott v. Sandford
exposed the hollowness of the "separate but equal" doctrine and paved the way for the Supreme Court ruling outlawing school segregation.
Charles Hamilton Houston
Who was one of the leaders of the Democratic Party in the House, serving from 1991 as a chief deputy whip?
John Lewis
brought over 200,000 people to the nation's capitol to protest racial discrimination and show support for civil rights legislation that was pending in Congress.
The March on Washington
The case deemed the Texas law for all-white political primaries that excluded Black Americans and disenfranchised voters unconstitutional.
Smith v. Allwright
used his films, the first by a Black American to be shown in white movie theaters, to portray racial injustice suffered by Black Americans
Oscar Micheaux