The Law of the Land
This amendment "broke the chains" by officially abolishing slavery in the United States.
What is the 13th Amendment?
He became President after Lincoln’s assassination and favored a "lenient" plan for the South.
Who is Andrew Johnson?
This federal agency provided food, clothing, and established over 1,000 schools for formerly enslaved people.
What is the Freedmen’s Bureau?
This secret society used violence and terror to prevent Black Americans from voting.
Who is the Ku Klux Klan?
This contested Presidential Election led to the end of Reconstruction
What is the Election of 1876?
This amendment redefined citizenship, ensuring "equal protection under the laws" for all persons born in the U.S.
What is the 14th Amendment?
This group in Congress wanted to punish the South and protect the rights of Black Americans.
Who are the Radical Republicans?
During Radical Reconstruction, this was the first time in U.S. history that Black men were elected to these types of government positions.
What are state and federal offices/Congress?
These laws were created after Reconstruction to enforce racial segregation in public places.
What are Jim Crow laws?
He was the Republican candidate who became President despite losing the popular vote.
Who is Rutherford B. Hayes?
This 1866 Act was the first federal law to affirm that all citizens are equally protected by the law, passed despite a Presidential veto.
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1866?
Andrew Johnson became the first president to face this legal process after violating the Tenure of Office Act.
What is impeachment?
This is the term for the systemic "failure" where Southern states passed laws to restrict the movement and labor of Black Americans.
What are the Black Codes?
This was a common "test" used at polling places to prevent people who couldn't read from voting.
What is a literacy test?
This "Deal" resulted in Hayes becoming President in exchange for removing federal troops from the South.
What is the Compromise of 1877?
This amendment stated that the right to vote cannot be denied based on "race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
What is the 15th Amendment?
Unlike the President’s plan, this Congressional plan divided the South into five military districts.
What is the Military Reconstruction Act?
The physical rebuilding of this infrastructure was a major accomplishment of the era, though it led to high taxes.
What are railroads?
Many Southern whites used this term to describe their goal of returning "white supremacy" to state governments.
What is "Redemption" or "Redeemers"?
Once these were removed from the South, the "Redeemer" governments took full control.
What are federal/Union troops?
Explain the "Free-Citizens-Vote" mnemonic used to remember the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments
13=Free, 14=Citizens, 15=Vote
This was the specific outcome of Johnson’s impeachment trial in the Senate.
What is "acquitted" or "cleared by one vote"
Despite political gains, this economic system kept many formerly enslaved people in a cycle of debt and poverty.
What is sharecropping?
This tax was required to be paid before a person could cast a ballot, specifically targeting the poor.
What is a poll tax?
This 1896 Supreme Court case later ruled that "separate but equal" was constitutional, cementing the Jim Crow era.
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?