Circulatory & Respiratory Systems
These thin-walled blood vessels are the site of gas, nutrient, and waste exchange between blood and tissues.
What are capillaries?
This type of digestive system, found in horses and rabbits, features a large cecum to help break down roughage.
What is a hindgut fermenter?
This is the outermost layer of the skin, providing a waterproof barrier and creating our skin tone.
What is the epidermis?
This type of involuntary muscle is found only in the walls of the heart.
What is cardiac muscle?
This term refers to the quality of a patient's breathing, specifically describing labored or difficult breathing.
What is dyspnea?
This muscular wall separates the left and right sides of the heart to prevent the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
What is the septum?
This is the largest compartment of the ruminant stomach, serving as a massive fermentation vat.
What is the rumen?
Often called the "master gland," it produces hormones that control other glands like the thyroid and adrenals.
What is the pituitary gland?
This part of the nervous system consists specifically of the brain and the spinal cord.
What is the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
This is the percentage of total blood volume that is occupied by red blood cells, often measured via a microhematocrit tube.
What is Packed Cell Volume (PCV) or Hematocrit?
In the respiratory system, these tiny grape-like sacs are where actual gas exchange occurs with the bloodstream.
What are alveoli?
This rhythmic, wave-like contraction of muscles moves food through the esophagus and intestinal tract.
What is peristalsis?
These Y-shaped proteins are produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria.
What are antibodies?
These tough bands of connective tissue connect bone to other bone.
What are ligaments?
This specific gauge number represents a needle with a larger diameter: a 18-gauge needle or a 25-gauge needle?
What is the 18-gauge needle?
This is the specialized "pacemaker" node located in the right atrium that initiates the electrical impulses for heart contractions.
What is the Sinoatrial (SA) Node?
his third compartment of the ruminant stomach is known as "manyplies" and is responsible for water and inorganic mineral absorption.
What is the omasum?
These specific white blood cells, which include B-cells and T-cells, are the primary components of the adaptive immune system.
What are lymphocytes?
This is the longest bone in the body of most mammals, located in the upper hind limb.
What is the femur?
During an exam, a vet uses this term to describe the process of using their hands to feel the texture, size, and location of internal organs.
What is palpation?
This large, flat muscle separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and is the primary driver of inhalation.
What is the diaphragm?
This organ produces bile, which is essential for the emulsification and digestion of fats.
What is the liver?
Produced by the adrenal glands, this hormone is often called the "fight or flight" hormone.
What is epinephrine (or adrenaline)?
This fatty layer covers the axons of many neurons, acting as an insulator to increase the speed of electrical impulses.
What is the myelin sheath?
When assessing a patient, "MM" stands for this, which should normally be "bubblegum pink" in color.
What are Mucous Membranes?