STATES OF MATTER & GRAPHING
Which state of matter has a fixed shape and a fixed volume?
Solid
Which subatomic particle has a POSITIVE charge and lives inside the nucleus?
Proton
What does the "APE" in APE MAN stand for?
Atomic Number = Protons = Electrons
What is the MAXIMUM number of electrons that can sit on Ring 1 (the inner ring)?
2 electrons
Why do we only focus on Elements 1 through 18 (Hydrogen through Argon) in 6th grade science?
Because they cleanly follow our 2-8-8 ring rule! (Larger elements hold 18 or 32 on outer rings).
What happens to the speed of water molecules when thermal energy (heat) is ADDED?
They move faster (and spread further apart).
Which subatomic particle has ALMOST ZERO mass and orbits on the outer rings?
Electron
An atom has an Atomic Number of 8. How many protons and electrons does it have?
8 Protons and 8 Electrons
What is the MAXIMUM number of electrons that can sit on Ring 2 and Ring 3 in 6th grade?
8 electrons
Define what an ISOTOPE is in your own words.
Atoms of the same element with the SAME protons but a DIFFERENT number of neutrons.
What happens to gas particles when thermal energy is REMOVED?
They move slower (and come closer together).
Which subatomic particle determines the true IDENTITY of an element?
Proton (or Atomic Number)
What does "M - A = N" stand for?
Mass Number - Atomic Number = Neutrons
How many total electron rings would you draw for Carbon (6 electrons)?
2 Rings (2 on Ring 1, 4 on Ring 2)
Carbon-12 has 6 neutrons. Carbon-14 has 8 neutrons. Do they have the same electrical charge? Explain!
YES! Both have 6 protons and 6 electrons, so both are neutral.
In an experiment measuring water temperature over time, which variable goes on the X-axis: Time or Temperature?
Time (Independent Variable)
Why does the nucleus of an atom ALWAYS have an overall positive charge?
Because it contains positive protons and neutral neutrons (which add no charge).
An atom of Sodium has an Atomic Number of 11 and a Mass Number of 23. How many neutrons does it have?
12 Neutrons (23 - 11 = 12)
How many electrons sit on the 3rd (outermost) ring of Chlorine (17 electrons)?
7 electrons (Ring 1 = 2, Ring 2 = 8, Ring 3 = 7)
If an atom loses an electron, will its overall electrical charge become POSITIVE or NEGATIVE?
POSITIVE (because it now has more positive protons than negative electrons).
Write the correct class title for a graph showing how heating time affects water temperature.
"The Effect of Time on Water Temperature"
Why does a neutral atom have an overall electrical charge of ZERO?
Because the number of positive protons equals the number of negative electrons.
Phosphorus has an Atomic Number of 15 and a Mass Number of 31. Give its FULL subatomic count.
15 Protons, 15 Electrons, 16 Neutrons (31 - 15)
What do we call the electrons located on the VERY OUTSIDE ring of an atom?
Valence Electrons
An unknown neutral atom has 15 protons, 15 electrons, and 16 neutrons. What is its Atomic Number AND Mass Number?
Atomic Number = 15 | Mass Number = 31 (15 + 16)