Gopal
the ability of a screening test result to correctly identify the disease state
predictive value
what is repackaged in the liver into lipoproteins?
cholesterol
what are serum markers?
proteins that are released by necrotic cardiac cells into the blood
What ions are intracellular? Extracellular?
intra = potassium
extra = chloride, bicarbonate, and sodium
Total cholesterol: 227 mg/dl
Triglycerides: 214 mg/dl
HDL: 50 mg/dl
Calculate the ratio and cardiac risk.
ratio = 4.54
Cardiac risk = average
what is important to do to avoid cross-contamination of additives between tubes and ensure accuracy?
What is measured on a fasting lipid panel?
1. total cholesterol
2. HDL
3. triglycerides
regulate cardiac muscle contraction
includes monoclonal antibody directed toward cardiac muscle
detected 3-12 hours post-infarction and returns to normal 5-10 days post-infarction
troponin
what is associated with an increased anion gap?
metabolic acidosis
Calculate the cardiac risk from the following lipid panel.
Total cholesterol = 300 mg/dL
Triglycerides = 150 mg/dL
HDL = 35 mg/dL
ratio = 8.57
Cardiac risk = 2X
What color tube is used for plasma coagulation studies (PT/PTT)?
light blue
what needs to be measured directly if triglycerides are >400 mg/dL?
LDL
baseline and drawn immediately for MI
total CK, CK-MB, troponin
osmotic pressure exerted by proteins in the intravascular compartment; draws water from the interstitial compartment to the intravascular compartment
oncotic pressure
a 50 y/o ,ale presents to the ED after overdosing. His blood pressure is 130/70 mmHg. He is tachycardic and displays rapid, deep breathing. Lab results show:
Na: 142 mEq/L, K: 3 mEq/L, Cl: 117 mEq/L, HCO3: 15 mEq/L, Glucose: 90 mg/dL, Cr: 1 mg/dL, pH: 7.0
What is the anion gap? Is it normal?
Anion gap = 10, normal
(8-12 is normal)
how many specimen collections are needed for parasite analysis? why?
3, because of the life cycle of a parasite and increases likelihood of detection
what two values on lipid panel indicate the risk for coronary heart disease?
hight total cholesterol and low HDL
main causes of myocardial infarction (2)
1. Disruption of partially obstructive atherosclerotic plaque in coronary artery
2. cocaine abuse
0.3 % normal saline = ?
0.9 % normal saline = ?
3% normal saline = ?
hypotonic
isotonic
hypertonic
Calculate the LDL value. Is it ideal for a person at very high risk of cardiac disease?
Total cholesterol = 212 mg/dL
HDL = 33 mg/dL
Triglycerides = 450 mg/dL
LDL = 89 mg/dL
NOT ideal for those at very risk of heart disease (<70 is ideal)
how many total blood culture tubes are used? What color top will they have?
4, 2 aerobic + 2 anaerobic
yellow
why is a fasting lipid panel recommended?
food consumption can bump up triglycerides levels by 20-30%
advantages for using troponin to assess MI
1. very specific for myocardial injury
2. useful for patients who delay seeking medical attention
3. very sensitive to myocardial injury
why might you have a osmolal gap >10 mOsm/kg
hyperlipidemia or hyperproteinemia
Measured osmolality is 305 mOmsm/kg. Calculate the osmolality and then find the osmolar gap. Is the osmolality normal? Is the osmolar gap normal?
Na: 155 mEq/L, K: 5 mEq/L, Cl: 102 mEq/L, HCO3: 25 mEq/L, Glucose: 100 mg/dL, BUN: 10 mg/dL, Cr: 1 mg/dL
Osmolality = approximately 319, not normal (normal is 275-290)
Osmolar gap = 14 not normal, (>10 is normal)