Early Origins
More Origins
Early Cold War
Korean War ish
Eisenhower/JFK
100
This was a major international peacekeeping organization created at the end of WWII in 1945, in order to prevent future wars, among other things.
What is the United Nations (UN)?
100
This term refers to a 45-year period during which the United States and Soviet Russia were hostile to and suspicious of one another while never DIRECTLY going to war.
What is the Cold War?
100
This was American diplomat George Kennan's proposal for how to defeat Soviet communism, which would not even require war and would allow communism to collapse, in time, of its own accord.
What is the containment of communist expansion—the policy of containment.
100
This was the dividing line between Communist North Korea and non-Communist South Korea after WWII.
What is the 38th parallel?
100
This was Eisenhower's major policy for containing communism, which relied on keeping the peace through threatening nuclear war.
What is massive retaliation/brinkmanship?
200
This Tennessean was FDR's Secretary of State and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945 for his role in helping found this international organization.
Who is Cordell Hull?
200
Identify TWO main objectives of the Soviets after the end of World War II.
What is (1) Keep Germany weak, (2) create a "buffer zone" of nations friendly to the Soviet Union, located between Germany and Russia, (3) promote the expansion of communism worldwide, (4) protect itself from the capitalist West.
200
Threats of communist takeovers in (1) these TWO countries in 1947 led to a new US policy whereby we promised aid to any people willing to fight the spread of communism, which became known as the (2) __________ ___________.
What is (1) Greece and Turkey, and (2) the Truman Doctrine?
200
The Americans turned the tide of the Korean War when General MacArthur invaded this port city behind North Korean enemy lines.
What is Inchon?
200
This was the term Eisenhower used to warn Americans about a potentially dangerous emerging relationship between the military and defense industry.
What is the military-industrial complex?
300
FDR, Churchill, and Stalin met at this conference in February 1945 to plan the post-war world order.
What is the Yalta Conference?
300
Harry Truman chose to take a hard, rigid, inflexible stance towards the Russians because he had this historical precedent in mind.
What is the West's policy of appeasing Hitler with concessions and compromises, which Hitler interpreted as weakness and so was emboldened to become even more aggressive.
300
The Americans proposed THIS European Recovery Program, in which we offered billions of dollars in aid to any European nation that wanted it, as a way to make communism less attractive in Europe.
What is the Marshall Plan?
300
General MacArthur criticized President Truman because Truman refused him permission to do (1) this; so President Truman did (2) this to MacArthur.
What is (1) bomb China with atomic weapons; (2) fired MacArthur?
300
This was the term for JFK's military containment policy, which aimed to give him a broad range of military response options, including conventional weapons, nuclear weapons, and Special Forces.
What is "flexible response?"
400
Harry Truman and Josef Stalin first met at a conference in July 1945. Identify (1) the location of this conference and (2) the major point of disagreement between the two here.
What are (1) the Potsdam Conference and (2) German reparations to the Soviet Union?
400
THIS explains why Truman and the United States wanted to revive and support the German economy almost immediately after the war.
What is his fear of Soviet communist expansion?
400
The Soviet decision to blockade West Berlin from getting access to West Germany led Truman to devise THIS 11-month long heroic operation.
What is the Berlin Airlift?
400
The discovery that the Soviets had a large spy network inside the United States led to (1) this era, where HUAC and the FBI director (2) __ _________ ___________ searched for Communists throughout US society.
What is (1) the Red Scare, (2) J. Edgar Hooover?
400
The (1) ______ of __________ Invasion was a CIA-orchestrated attempt to overthrow (2) ________ _________, but it failed miserably and embarrassed the US and JFK.
What is (1) Bay of Pigs Invasion, (2) Fidel Castro?
500
Identify THREE key decisions/issues discussed at this February 1945 conference between FDR, Churchill, and Stalin.
What is (1) free elections of Poland, (2) the division of Germany into four zones, as well as the division of Berlin into four zones, and (3) German war reparations to the Soviet Union in the form of industrial equipment.
500
(1) This was the name for the Eastern European nations that had been taken over by Communism after WWII, using an astronomy metaphor, and (2) this was Winston Churchill's metaphorical way of describing the Communist takeover of Eastern European nations.
What are (1) 'satellite nations' and (2) the 'iron curtain'?
500
(1) This mutual defense military alliance of mostly Western European nations was historic in that the United States decided to join it, and (2) this was the Soviet counterpart to it.
What is (1) NATO and (2) the Warsaw Pact?
500
The most famous outed spies of this era were former US diplomat ________ ________,; New York couple Julius and Ethel ____________.
Who are Alger Hiss; Rosenberg?
500
In October 1962, U-2 spy planes discovered (1) these in Cuba, which led to thirteen days of crisis between the US and Soviets. It was resolved when (2) this agreement was reached.
What is (1) Soviet nuclear missiles; (2) the Soviets agree to remove the nuclear missiles in exchange for a guarantee that the US will not invade Cuba and will remove its own nukes from Turkey.
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