Colonial Regions
Which colonial region was most associated with large plantations and cash crops?
Southern Colonies
What document created by the Pilgrims established an agreement for self-government?
The Mayflower Compact
What three continents were connected through the triangular trade?
Africa, North America, Europe
What was an indentured servant?
A person who agreed to work for a set number of years, often in exchange for travel to America.
What was the first permanent English settlement in North America?
Jamestown
Which colonial region was known for fishing, shipbuilding, lumber, and trade?
New England Colonies
What was the name of the representative assembly created in Virginia in 1619?
Virginia House of Burgesses
List 3 things that were exchanged between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres during the Columbian Exchange?
Plants, animals, diseases, people, and goods.
What was the Middle Passage?
The forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas.
After many failed attempts at settlement, what crop helped Jamestown become economically successful?
Tobacco
Which colonial region was known for fertile soil and growing wheat and other grains? Sometimes nicknamed "The Breadbasket Colonies".
The Middle Colonies
What was the main cause for self governance in the Colonies.
The distance between America and Britain
What economic system was designed to benefit the mother country by controlling colonial trade?
Mercantilism
What were the conditions on the Middle Passage for an enslaved person. List 3 specific examples.
Overcrowded
Unsanitary
Disease
Violence
A highly contagious disease brought to the Americas by Europeans that caused devastating population losses among Native Americans.
Smallpox
List the New England Colonies.
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Connecticut.
Why was colonial experience with self-government important to the development of the United States?
Colonists became accustomed to participating in government and making decisions for themselves, which contributed to resistance against British control later.
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Question:
Explain how mercantilism, triangular trade, and the Middle Passage were connected.
Mercantilism encouraged European countries to control colonial trade and gain wealth. Triangular trade connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas, while the Middle Passage forcibly transported enslaved Africans to the Americas as part of this Atlantic trade system.
What was one major difference between indentured servitude and chattel slavery?
Indentured servants worked for a limited period of time, while chattel slavery treated enslaved people as property for life.
What were the 2 sides of the French & Indian War?
Britain (& the Colonies) vs. France (& Native Americans)
Explain how geography influenced the economies of ALL THREE colonial regions.
New England's rocky soil and coastline = fishing, shipbuilding, and trade.
The Middle Colonies' fertile soil = farming and trade.
The Southern Colonies' warm climate and fertile soil = plantations and cash crops.
To what extent were the colonies truly democratic?
Explain your answer.
They were democratic because they practiced forms of representative governments where people vote to make decisions.
They were not democratic in the sense that women, and enslaved individuals could not vote. Only men that owned land could vote.
Explain how Mercantilism worked in the colonial period.
Colonies provided raw materials and served as markets for manufactured goods, helping the mother country become wealthier.
Why was slavery especially important to the economy of the Southern Colonies?
The Southern economy depended heavily on labor-intensive cash crops such as tobacco, rice, and indigo. Enslaved Africans were forcibly used as a large, permanent labor force.
What was salutary neglect?
Britain's policy of loosely enforcing many colonial laws and regulations, allowing the colonies to develop greater independence.