Cooperation & Group Formation
According to Tuckman, in this chaotic stage of group development, members shed social facades, become more authentic and argumentative, and explore their power and influence.
Storming
According to Geert Hofstede, people in these types of cultures relate to one another more as equals regardless of formal roles, allowing comfortable critique of a boss's decisions.
Low power distance cultures
According to Sittser, the early church's ability to reach across lines of difference and create this group phenomenon was a key ingredient to its success.
belonging
Dewey’s systematic approach to problem-solving is considered which type of group decision-making model?
Although hazing is an extreme, often harmful version, this phenomenon helps groups form cohesion.
Ritual
According to Tuckman, group members feel the sentiment "We survived!" at this stage, where they establish ground rules.
Norming
According to multiple scholarly studies, groups that are diverse are more likely to avoid this common pitfall characterized by shared assumptions that go unchallenged.
groupthink
According to Guzmán, when we separate from and disparage people who are not like us, it creates this phenomenon.
Othering
Coined by Jerry Harvey, this paradox describes a situation where a group takes an action no one actually wants to do because everyone falsely assumes others want it.
Abilene Paradox
This macro theory of hazing argues that severe initiations are used by veterans to establish, consolidate, or reaffirm a superior power structure.
dominance theory
According to Tuckman, this stage is reached when a group has matured to become competent and autonomous, paying close attention to how they are doing the work, not just getting it done.
Performing
In Brett et al.’s research on multicultural teams, cultures that value direct and explicit communication are said to have this communication style.
Low context
According to Bonhoeffer, this term describing our idealized version of community is the greatest threat to community.
Wishdream
According to Janis, this symptom of groupthink involves the lack of dissent being viewed as agreement because of self-censorship and direct pressure.
illusion of unanimity
Proposed by Cimino, this specific theory argues that hazing is motivated by preventing newcomers from exploiting group benefits that are freely consumable upon entry.
automatic accrual theory
This classic game theory paradox pits the motivation to maximize personal reward against the motivation to maximize gains for the group.
Prisoner's Dilemma
According to Edward T. Hall and Mildred Reed Hall, this time orientation views time as more fluid.
Polychronic time
This type of social comparison occurs when people compare themselves to those who are less fortunate or competent in order to maintain a sense of self-worth.
Downward social comparison
According to Hirokawa's findings regarding rational models, sticking to a rigid order is less important than what?
Hitting all the steps eventually
In Google’s Project Aristotle research, this key dynamic—defined as the ability to take risks without feeling insecure or embarrassed—was found to be by far the most important element of effective teams.
Psychological safety
This term explains the group phenomenon in which people don’t exert as much effort when working on a collective endeavor as they do individually.
Social loafing
Hofstede described this dichotomy not by who holds power, but by whether a culture values assertive and competitive traits versus modest and caring ones.
masculine vs feminine
Those aspects of an individual’s self-image that derive from the social categories to which they perceive themselves as belonging to
social identity
According to Janis, this antecedent for groupthink is characterized by a shared belief in the intrinsic ethical "goodness" of the group.
illusion of morality
Ernest Bormann’s theory explains how a sense of community and group consciousness develops through non-task-related communication like stories, jokes, and shared fantasies.
Symbolic convergence theory
This sociological term refers to the tendency of individuals to associate and bond with similar others.
homophily
Cultures high in this dimension are typically slower to take risks.
uncertainty avoidance
In studies like Muzafer Sherif’s Robbers Cave experiment, this type of shared goal that could only be achieved through mutual cooperation successfully reduced conflict between rival groups.
Superordinate goal
This phenomenon, in which likeminded individuals become more extreme in their collective opinion, operates as a barrier to effective group decision-making.
group polarization
Fredrickson and Losada found that high-performing business teams maintain a 3:1 ratio of what type of comments?
positive to negative