A
True or False: 1 KiB (kibibyte) is equal to exactly 1000 bytes.
False — 1 KiB = 2¹⁰ = 1024 bytes.
_____ is the logic gate whose output is 1 only when both of its inputs are 1.
AND gate.
True or False: A LAN (Local Area Network) typically covers a large geographical area, such as across several countries.
False — that describes a WAN. A LAN covers a small area, like a single building.
In 8-bit extended ASCII, each English character is converted into a binary code made up of exactly ___ bits.
8 bits.
What type of program error occurs when code breaks the grammar rules of the programming language — for example, a missing closing bracket or a misspelled keyword?
Syntax error
A ___ topology connects every device individually to a central router or switch, so data between any two devices must pass through that central point.
Star
In Boolean algebra notation, which symbol is conventionally used to represent the OR operation?
+ (plus sign)
True or False: In a peer-to-peer network, one dedicated server centrally controls and provides resources to all the other devices.
False — that describes client-server. In peer-to-peer, all devices (peers) are equal and there's no dedicated administrator.
___ test cases check a program using inputs at the extreme valid limits of a system — for example, 0000 and 9999 for a 4-digit PIN system.
Boundary
Name the two development techniques:
1) one involves building a program in small stages and testing after each addition;
2) the other involves temporarily disabling parts of the code to isolate what's being tested.
Incremental testing/development, and testing by commenting out.
"1 MiB is bigger than 1 KiB, but smaller than 1 GiB." True or False?
True — the IEC units scale up as KiB → MiB → GiB → TiB, each 2¹⁰ times larger than the one before.
(KMG TPE)
"NOT(A OR B) is logically the same as (NOT A) OR (NOT B)." Is this a correct application of De Morgan's theorem?
No — NOT(A OR B) equals (NOT A) AND (NOT B), not OR.
De Morgan's Second Law states the complement of an OR is the AND of the complements.
A program is meant to calculate an average by dividing total by count, but the programmer forgot to increase count inside the loop. The program runs to completion without crashing, but prints the wrong answer.
What category of error is this?
Logic error.
A programmer wants to check the value of a variable at a specific point without stopping the whole program.
What simple technique from the notes lets them do this, by displaying values at selected steps in the code?
Inserting a print() statement to inspect values.
___ validation checks that a piece of input data follows a required pattern — for example, that a code consists of 3 letters followed by 4 digits.
Format check.
True or False: According to the Law of Double Negation, NOT(NOT A) is logically equivalent to A.
True
A logic circuit has two AND gates feeding into a single OR gate, which produces the final output X.
What Boolean operation combines the outputs of those two AND gates?
OR — the two AND gate outputs are combined using an OR operation.
An algorithm finds the maximum value in a list by comparing each number in turn to a stored variable called max.
What happens to max whenever the number currently being checked is greater than it?
max is updated to that new, larger number.
True or False: When solving problems using an incremental approach, a developer builds and tests a small working version first, then gradually adds more features on top of it.
True
During software testing, a team finds a flaw in an earlier design decision, so they go back and revise the design stage instead of continuing straight ahead.
What term describes this non-linear style of development?
Iterative development