MacroMolecule Basics
These are large, carbon-containing organic molecules that make up living things.
What are Macromolecules?
This macromolecule is the body's easy to access, short term energy source and is found in sugars and starches.
What are carbohydrates?
These are the monomers of proteins.
What are amino acids?
These are the monomers of nucleic acids.
What are nucleotides?
What is hydrogen?
In a solution, this is the substance that does the dissolving.
What is the solvent?
This is a small, basic sub unit like a brick or a word.
What is a monomer?
The monomers of carbohydrates are single sugars with this scientific name.
What are monosaccharides?
a protein polymer is called this.
DNA and RNA are examples of this macromolecule.
What are nucleic acids?
What has special properties largely because it is this type of molecule.
What is a polar molecule?
In a solution, this is the substance that gets dissolved.
What is the solute?
This is a larger, more complex structure made of monomers like a brick wall or sentence.
What is a polymer?
Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are examples of these carbohydrate polymers.
What are polysaccharides?
Amino acids are linked together by this type of bond.
What is a peptide bond?
Every nucleotide contains these three components.
What are 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen containing base?
The attraction between molecules of the SAME substance - such as water sticking to water is called this.
What is cohesion?
A water loving substance that usually dissolves easily in water is described by this term.
What is hydrophilic?
Name the four major groups of macromolecules.
What are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids?
This macromolecule stores 9 calories per gram and is mainly used for long term energy storage.
What are lipids?
Name any four protein functions listed on the slides.
What are any four of: enzymes, hormones, structure, transport, antibodies, movement, receptors, and energy source?
Name all 5 nitrogen containing bases listed on the slides.
What are adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine and uracil?
The attraction between two DIFFERENT molecules, responsible for a meniscus and capillary action, is called this.
What is adhesion?
A water-fearing substance such and oil that does not dissolve in water is described by this term.
What is hydrophobic?
Most macromolecules are structurally these large molecules made from repeating smaller sub units.
What are polymers made of monomers?
Carbohydrates provide this many calories per gram, while lipids provide this many.
What are 4 calories/gram and 9 calories/gram.
Proteins have four levels of structure. Name them in order.
What are primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures?
Unlike carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, nucleic acids provide this many calories per gram and are never broken down for energy.
What is 0 calories per gram?
Because water's temperature does not change easily and it must absorb lots of heat to warm up, water has this property.
What is high specific heat?
Explain why organisms can survive in lakes or polar seas even when the surface freezes.
What is: solid water (ice) is less dense than liquid water, so it floats, allowing liquid water and life to remain beneath the frozen surface?